Brodie's or Hummers’ Method: Oxidation Conditions Determine the Structure of Graphene Oxide |
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Authors: | Dr Patrick Feicht Dr Johannes Biskupek Dr Tatiana E Gorelik Julian Renner Dr Christian E Halbig Maria Maranska Florian Puchtler Prof?Dr Ute Kaiser Prof?Dr Siegfried Eigler |
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Institution: | 1. Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany;2. Materialwissenschaftlische Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany;3. Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany |
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Abstract: | Synthesis and studies of graphite oxide started more than 150 years ago and turned into a boom by the measurements of the outstanding physical properties of graphene. A series of preparation protocols emanated trying to optimize the synthesis of graphene oxide in order to obtain a less defective material, as source for graphene. However, over-oxidation of the carbon framework hampered establishing structure-property relationships. Here, the fact that two different synthetic methods for graphene oxide preparation lead to very similar types of graphene oxide with a preserved graphene lattice is demonstrated. Either sodium chlorate in nitric acid (similar to Brodie's method) or potassium permanganate in sulfuric acid (similar to Hummers’ method) treatment are possible; however, reaction conditions must be controlled. With a preserved carbon lattice analytical differences between the samples relate to the altered on-plane functionality. Consequently, terming preparation protocols “according to Brodie's/Hummers’ method” is not sufficient. |
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Keywords: | graphene graphene oxide oxo-functionalized graphene spectroscopy |
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