In vivo whole-field blood velocity measurement techniques |
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Authors: | Peter Vennemann Ralph Lindken Jerry Westerweel |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory for Aero- and Hydrodynamics, Delft Technical University, Leeghwaterstraat 21, NL-2628CA Delft, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | In this article a number of whole-field blood velocity measurement techniques are concisely reviewed. We primarily focus on
optical measurement techniques for in vivo applications, such as laser Doppler velocimetry (including time varying speckle),
laser speckle contrast imaging and particle image velocimetry (including particle tracking). We also briefly describe nuclear
magnetic resonance and ultrasound particle image velocimetry, two techniques that do not rely on optical access, but that
are of importance to in vivo whole-field blood velocity measurement. Typical applications for whole-field methods are perfusion
monitoring, the investigation of instantaneous blood flow patterns, the derivation of endothelial shear stress distributions
from velocity fields, and the measurement of blood volume flow rates. These applications require individual treatment in terms
of spatial and temporal resolution and number of measured velocity components. The requirements further differ for the investigation
of macro-, meso-, and microscale blood flows. In this review we describe and classify those requirements and present techniques
that satisfy them. |
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