Optical spectroscopy of graphene: From the far infrared to the ultraviolet |
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Authors: | Kin Fai Mak Long Ju Feng Wang Tony F Heinz |
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Institution: | 1. Division of Computational Nanoscience, Physics Department, College of Science,University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani Kurdistan Region, 46001, Iraq;2. Computer Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, 46001 Iraq;3. Reykjavik University,School of Science and Engineering,Menntavegur 1,Reykjavik, IS-101 Iceland;4. Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, Reykjavik, IS-107, Iceland |
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Abstract: | The unique electronic structure of graphene leads to several distinctive optical properties. In this brief review, we outline the current understanding of two general aspects of optical response of graphene: optical absorption and light emission. We show that optical absorption in graphene is dominated by intraband transitions at low photon energies (in the far-infrared spectral range) and by interband transitions at higher energies (from mid-infrared to ultraviolet). We discuss how the intraband and interband transitions in graphene can be modified through electrostatic gating. We describe plasmonic resonances arising from the free-carrier (intraband) response and excitonic effects that are manifested in the interband absorption. Light emission, the reverse process of absorption, is weak in graphene due to the absence of a band gap. We show that photoluminescence from hot electrons can, however, become observable either through femtosecond laser excitation or strong electrostatic gating. |
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