聚丙烯酸铅/环氧树脂辐射防护材料的制备及性能研究

采用γ辐射接枝聚合法制备了纳米聚丙烯酸铅/环氧树脂辐射防护材料,利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射谱仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其结构进行了分析,利用材料万能试验机测量了拉伸性能和三点弯曲性能,利用多道γ谱仪测量了屏蔽性能.结果表明,复合材料为两相聚合物共混体系,其分散形态呈明显的海-岛结构.聚丙烯酸铅微球粒径约为5nm,具有一定的结晶,微球表面连接环氧树脂分子形成三维网状结构.复合材料特殊结构使其韧性和强度较纯环氧树脂有明显的提高,其断口呈现一定的韧性断裂的特征,对γ射线的质量吸收系数高于铅的质量吸收系数,是一种屏蔽性能十分突出的轻质材料.

PREPARATION OF NANO-POLY(LEAD ACRYLATE) EPOXY RESIN BASED RADIATION-PROTECTION MATERIAL AND ITS PROPERTIES

A kind of radiation-protection material based on nano-poly(lead acrylate ) epoxy resin was successfully prepared via graft copolymerization route induced by γ irradiation. Epoxy resin contains ether bond,so the α-H atoms of the ortho-carbon and tert-carbon atoms are relatively active. Lead acrylate contains double bond. Under the exposure of γ-rays they can become the epoxidized free radicals and acrylic lead free radicals,which lead to graft polymerization. The product was characterizedand and analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR),X-ray diffraction ( XRD),transmission electron microscopy ( TEM) and scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ). The stretching and bending capabilities were measured with a material all-purpose testing machine. Gamma energy spectrum measurement was carried out to evaluate its radiation-shielding properties. The results revealed that this composite material has a sea-island biphase structure. Poly(lead acrylate) particles were partially crystalline,and the particle size was about 5 nm. Graft polymerization of the two components occured at the surface of the poly(lead acrylate) particles and resulted in a network structure,which improved the mechanical properties of epoxyresin. The γ-ray mass absorption coefficient of this material with the value of 0. 060 cm2 /g under 1. 33 MeV was higher than that of lead,so that it was a good radiation-protection material with low density of 1. 37 g /cm3. The material may be applied to the field of aerospace radiation protection or radiation protection glass of electronic components packaging.