Experimental Evaluation of Strain Shielding in Distal Femur in Revision TKA |
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Authors: | A Completo J A Simões F Fonseca |
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Institution: | 1.Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica,Universidade de Aveiro,Aveiro,Portugal;2.Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde,Universidade da Beira Interior,Covilh?,Portugal |
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Abstract: | Theoretical concerns about the use of cemented and press-fit stems in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include stress
shielding with adverse effects on prosthesis fixation. Radiological studies have showed distal femoral bone resorption after
revision TKA. The revision with use of stems can place abnormal stresses. These stresses can promote the effect of bone stress
shielding and may contribute to bone loss. Experimental quantification of strain shielding in the distal synthetic femur following
TKA is the main purpose of the present study. Three different constructs of TKA were assessed. The first construct included
a stemless femoral component. The other two included a press-fit and a cemented femoral stem. Cortical bone strains were measured
experimentally with tri-axial strain gauges in synthetic femurs before and after in-vitro knee surgery. The difference between
principal strains of implanted and intact femur was calculated for each strain gauge position. This study indicates that the
use of stems in distal femur changes the distribution and magnitude of bone strains. The press-fit stem provoked relevant
bone area (stem length) subjected to strain shielding and also originated the highest reduction of strains in the distal region,
which can potentially induce bone resorption. The stemless implanted femur produced minor bone strain changes relatively to
the intact femur. The use of distal femur stems increases initial stability in the bone, but the observed reduction of strains
in this region, relative to the intact femur, provokes strain shielding that can induce bone resorption and may compromise
the long term implant stability. |
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Keywords: | Revision total knee arthroplasty Stress shielding Femur Press-fit stem Cemented stem Experimental strains |
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