Preparation of quaternarized N-halamine-grafted graphene oxide nanocomposites and synergetic antibacterial properties

At present, frequent outbreaks of bacteria and viruses have seriously affected people's normal lives. Therefore, the study of broad-spectrum antibacterial nanocomposites is very promising. However, most antibacterial materials have some disadvantages, such as single bactericidal mechanisms and unrepeatable use. Based on the current situation, a kind of nanocomposite with three structures of graphene oxide (GO), quaternary ammonium salt (QAs) and N-halamine was prepared, which showed synergistic effect to improve antibacterial activity and combined with a variety of sterilization mechanisms. Meanwhile, GO can provide richer ways of sterilization and high specific surface area, which is conducive to the grafting of quaternarized N-halamine. The advantages of physical sterilization of GO, charge adsorption of QAs, reuse of N-halamine and efficient sterilization are fully utilized. The results showed that the quaternarized N-halamine-grafted GO was obtained successfully. GO grafted with quaternarized N-halamine polymer showed strong speedy bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (99%). It had good storage and regeneration properties.     

消毒灭菌的电离辐射与电磁辐射等物理技术比较分析北大核心CSCD

消毒灭菌技术广泛应用于食品工业、医疗领域、水处理等方面。相对于传统化学和热效应的消毒灭菌方法,γ射线、X射线、电子束、微波、低温等离子体、紫外线、高压脉冲电场等物理手段具有不污染环境、消毒灭菌温度低、没有化学残留物等优点而日益受到重视。但这些物理技术手段各有不同,本文首先介绍了γ射线、X射线、电子束、微波、低温等离子体、紫外线、高压脉冲电场等消毒灭菌的技术原理,然后对比了各自优缺点和应用领域。每种方法都有优势和不足,应针对不同的消毒灭菌对象而选择不同的方式。最后,展望了消毒灭菌的发展方向,提出了消毒灭菌在家庭日常消毒、医疗垃圾处理、有人状态下的室内空气消毒等方面的迫切需求。     

Effect of Topology on Photodynamic Sterilization of Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Frameworks

Porphyrinic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising photosensitizers due to the lack of self-aggregation of porphyrin in aqueous solution. However, how the topology of porphyrinic MOFs affects the generation of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is unclear. Here, the effect of the topology of porphyrinic MOFs on their photodynamic performance is reported. Four porphyrinic zirconium MOFs (MOF-525, MOF-545, PCN-223 and PCN-224 with different topologies: ftw , csq , shp and she , respectively) were selected to study the influence of topology on the photodynamic antibacterial performance. The ¹O₂ generation and the photodynamic antibacterial performance followed an decreasing order of MOF-545>MOF-525>PCN-224>PCN-223. The results reveal that the pore size, the distance between porphyrin, and the number of porphyrin per Zr₆O₈ cluster in MOFs greatly affected ¹O₂ generation. This work provides guidance for designing new MOFs for efficient photodynamic sterilization.     

罐装橙汁超高温瞬时灭菌的数值模拟研究

由于对橙汁的灭菌工艺没有进行精确的研究,在橙汁的实际生产中经常是使用过度灭菌来保证果汁灭菌的彻底。过度灭菌不但引起橙汁生产的能耗增加而且会导致橙汁的营养成分的损失。本文分析了果汁中常见的细菌,得出了灭菌结束时所需的最低温度;在此基础上利用数值模拟的方法对橙汁的超高温瞬时灭菌进行了计算。同时使用实验对CFD计算的结果进行了验证,误差在9.5%以内,表明CFD对橙汁的超高温灭菌的模拟是可行的。模拟得出了不同温度时的灭菌的最理想时间条件分别为:135℃(408 K),13 s;140℃(413K),12 s;145℃(418 K),12 s;150℃(423K),11 s。     

Effect of γ irradiation on the surface properties of wet polysulfone films containing poly(vinylpyrrolidone)

In Japan, hemodialyzers are usually sterilized by γ irradiation. However, the polymer materials used in the dialysis membrane, such as polysulfone (PSf) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), undergo crosslinking or degradation on exposure to γ radiation. In the present study, we prepared PSf/PVP films (PVP content, 0–50 wt%) and used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to perform nanoscale evaluations of the effect of γ irradiation (25 and 50 kGy) on the surface properties of wet PSf/PVP surfaces. Force‐curve measurements were used to evaluate the hardness of and fibrinogen adsorbability on the wet PSf/PVP surface; fibrinogen adsorbability on the wet PSf/PVP surface was evaluated using AFM probes with fibrinogen immobilized on the tips of the probes. At PVP levels greater than 5 wt%, the wet PSf/PVP film surface was completely covered with hydrated and swollen PVP particles. The surface hardness of the wet PSf/PVP films exposed to 25‐kGy γ irradiation greatly decreased with increasing PVP content, whereas the surface hardness of the wet PSf/PVP films exposed to 50‐kGy γ irradiation did not decrease significantly. At higher PVP levels, the reduction in the fibrinogen adsorbability on a wet PSf/PVP film exposed to 25‐kGy γ irradiation was more significant than that on a wet PSf/PVP film exposed to 50‐kGy γ irradiation. PVP particles on the wet PSf/PVP film surface exposed to 50‐kGy γ irradiation did not show significant hydration and swelling because the polymer materials PVP–PSf and PVP‐PVP in these membranes has undergone excessive crosslinking due to γ irradiation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Secure and Sustainable Sourcing of Plant Tissues for the Exhaustive Exploration of Their Chemodiversity

The main challenge of plant chemical diversity exploration is how to develop tools to study exhaustively plant tissues. Their sustainable sourcing is a limitation as bioguided strategies and dereplication need quite large amounts of plant material. We examine if alternative solutions could overcome these difficulties by obtaining a secure, sustainable, and scalable source of tissues able to biosynthesize an array of metabolites. As this approach would be as independent of the botanical origin as possible, we chose eight plant species from different families. We applied a four steps culture establishment procedure, monitoring targeted compounds through mass spectrometry-based analytical methods. We also characterized the capacities of leaf explants in culture to produce diverse secondary metabolites. In vitro cultures were successfully established for six species with leaf explants still producing a diversity of compounds after the culture establishment procedure. Furthermore, explants from leaves of axenic plantlets were also analyzed. The detection of marker compounds was confirmed after six days in culture for all tested species. Our results show that the first stage of this approach aiming at easing exploration of plant chemodiversity was completed, and leaf tissues could offer an interesting alternative providing a constant source of natural compounds.     

BixTiOy-TiO2复合膜电极光电催化去除模拟压载水中细菌

溶剂热-聚乙烯醇粘附法制备了钛网负载BixTiOy-TiO2复合膜电极。利用X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射、光致发光(PL)、扫描电子显微镜和能谱(EDS)等测试技术对合成的纳米材料和膜电极进行了表征。利用三电极系统对模拟压载水的灭菌效果进行实验研究。考察了外加电压、光源和膜电极的使用次数对光电催化灭菌效果的影响。UV-Vis实验表明,BixTiOy-TiO2复合材料比纯TiO2有好的可见光吸收;PL实验证明,复合材料比纯TiO2有更高光量子效率。对细菌浓度为106CFU/mL的模拟压载水的光电催化灭菌实验结果表明,外加电压为9 V,电极与溶液接触面积为140 cm2时,20 W紫外杀菌灯照射下反应2 min即可完全去除压载水中的细菌;聚乙烯醇粘附法制备的电极重复使用20次,灭菌效果不变。     

Teil II: Ergebnisse bei der Bestrahlung einzelner Nahrungsmittelgruppen (Zusammenfassender Bericht)

Nachdem im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit [170] einige Grundprobleme der Nahrungsmittelbestrahlung behandelt wurden, sollen nun die bei der Bestrahlung wichtiger Nahrungsmittelgruppen erzielten Ergebnisse dargelet und eine Einschätzung der Entwicklungstendenzen versucht werden.     

Crack growth in medical-grade silicone and polyurethane ether elastomers

One major problem with ball and socket artificial discs is the migration of wear particles to the surrounding tissues. This debris can cause inflammation that can lead to implant loosening. Encapsulating the artificial disc with an elastomer sheath could prevent this problem by retaining the wear particles within the disc. The encapsulation sheath will face millions of tensile cycles during the implant life and, therefore, it must have the ability to withstand large strains without fracture. Using cyclic displacement, crack nucleation was applied on dumbbell specimens and crack growth was applied on rectangular specimens with an initial crack. Both tests were performed on Silex silicone and polyurethane ether elastomer specimens, both with a Shore durometer hardness of 40 shore A. No samples completely failed during the crack nucleation tests after five million cycles. The polyurethane ether elastomer showed a slower rate of crack growth life (421 k cycles to reach 70 mm crack length) than silicone elastomer (221 k cycles to reach the same crack length) in the control group. Accelerated ageing decreased the hardness and the crack growth rate of the polyurethane elastomer but had the opposite effect for the silicone elastomer. Gamma sterilization increased the crack growth rate and did not affect the hardness of the polyurethane elastomer. The hardness and the crack growth rate of the silicone elastomer were increased after gamma sterilization.     

季铵盐在油田化学品中的研究进展

介绍了季铵盐分子的特性(安全低毒、性能稳定、水溶性强)以及合成工艺,综述了季铵盐分子近年来在缓蚀剂、杀菌剂、页岩抑制剂以及有机改性剂方面的研究进展,以及作用机理.对于同一类处理剂的优缺点,季铵盐分子易生物降解、作用效果强使其使其广泛地应用于油田化学品中并符合钻井、完井、采油环保以及抗高温要求.结合上述四种油田化学处理剂...