根据性质对误差进行分类的一种新观点

根据误差的性质，针对仍广泛使用的“偶然误差和系统误差”、“随机误差和系统误差”等分类方法，本文提出了新的“随机误差和非随机误差”的误差分类方法     

pePC-SAFT: Modeling of polyelectrolyte systems: 1. Vapor–liquid equilibria

A molecular thermodynamic model for polyelectrolyte systems—called pePC-SAFT—is proposed. The effect of charged monomers within the polyelectrolyte chain is explicitly taken into account in the reference term by replacing the hard-chain contribution of the PC-SAFT model by a charged-hard-chain contribution. Moreover, counterion condensation is accounted for to determine the effective number of charges along the polyion as well as of free counterions. The electrostatic contribution of the free counterions is described by a Debye–Hückel term.     

Thermodynamic consistency of experimental VLE data for asymmetric binary mixtures at high pressures

A thermodynamic consistency of isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium data for 9 non-polar and 8 polar binary asymmetric mixtures at high pressures has been evaluated. A method based on the isothermal Gibbs–Duhem equation was used for the test of thermodynamic consistency using a Φ–Φ approach. The Peng–Robinson equation of state coupled with the Wong–Sandler mixing rules were used for modeling the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) within the thermodynamic consistency test. The VLE parameters calculations for asymmetric mixtures at high pressures were highly dependent on bubble pressure calculation, making more convenient to eliminate the data points yielding the highest deviations in pressure. However the results of the thermodynamic consistencies test of experimental data for many cases were found not fully consistent. As a result, the strategies for solving these problems were discussed in detailed.     

Parameters estimation and VLE calculation in asymmetric binary mixtures containing carbon dioxide + n-alkanols

In the present work, the estimation of the parameters for asymmetric binary mixtures of carbon dioxide + n-alkanols has been developed. The binary interaction parameter k₁₂ of the second virial coefficient and non-random two liquid model parameters τ₁₂ and τ₂₁ were obtained using Peng–Robinson equation of state coupled with the Wong–Sandler mixing rules. In all cases, Levenberg–Marquardt minimization algorithm was used for the parameters optimization employing an objective function based on the calculation of the distribution coefficients for each component. Vapor–liquid equilibrium for binary asymmetric mixtures (CO₂ + n-alkanol, from methanol to 1-decanol) was calculated using the obtained values of the mentioned parameters. The agreement between calculated and experimental values was satisfactory.     

不确定性移动载荷激励下弹性简支梁的动态响应边界分析及应用

不确定性移动载荷激励下的弹性梁振动是土木、机械和航空航天等工程领域普遍存在的一类重要问题。在许多实际工程中,不确定移动载荷的样本测试数据有限或测试成本较高,本文引入区间过程模型对此类动态不确定性参数进行描述,提出了一种求解不确定移动载荷激励下弹性梁振动响应边界的非随机振动分析方法。首先,介绍了确定性移动载荷激励下弹性梁的振动微分方程及其解析求解方法;其次,引入区间过程模型,以上下边界函数的形式对不确定性移动载荷进行度量,进而基于模态叠加法发展出弹性梁振动响应边界求解的非随机振动分析方法;最后,将上述非随机振动分析方法应用于车桥耦合振动问题。     

Weibull 分布等分位数数据填充算法及其应用

基于作者曾提出的处理非随机删失数据的迭代算法,针对weibull分布相同定时截尾型试验数据,通过改变数据的填补方式,在保证由算法所得的参数估计的相合性和不变性的前提下,使得改进后的算法所得的虚拟完全数据更接近于真实的完全数据.模拟研究表明,对于删失数据情形下可靠度的区间估计问题,改进后的算法更加精确.     

Thermodynamic modelling of miscibility in (InAs) x (GaAs)1−x solid solutions

Current methods used to model the solution thermodynamics of III–V compound semiconductors involve the use of the valence force field as the molecular model and the regular solution model (with the temperature independent interaction parameter and underlying assumption of random mixing) as the engineering model. In this study, excess free energy models (with three or less adjustable parameters) are investigated to predict the solid–solid miscibility of (InAs) _x (GaAs)_{1? x} . The models investigated include the Porter/one-constant Margules (OCM) model, the two-constant Margules (TCM) model and the non-random two liquid (NRTL) model. These models are fit to excess free energy values derived from free energy change of mixing (variation with composition) data available from molecular simulations at different temperatures. The parameters in all the models have been found to be temperature dependent. The coexistence compositions are best predicted by the NRTL model, indicating the need to consider non-random mixing effects present in these solid solutions. The TCM model predicts better equilibrium composition data as compared to the OCM model.     

给出不确定性激励下的动态响应边界——一种非随机振动分析方法

提出了一种非随机振动分析方法,可给出系统在不确定性激励下的动态响应边界,从而为实验信息相对缺乏的不确定性振动分析及未来的可靠性设计提供一种新的计算工具.采用非概率凸模型过程而非传统的随机过程描述不确定性动态激励,仅需知道激励在任意时刻点的边界信息而非精确概率分布,从而有效降低对大样本量的依赖性.针对单自由度和多自由度系统,建立了相应的非随机振动分析算法,以求解系统在不确定性动态激励下的响应区间;另外,也给出了蒙特卡罗仿真方法,为非随机振动提供一种最为一般的分析工具.最后,通过3个数值算例验证了本文方法的有效性.非随机振动分析方法可以作为传统随机振动理论的补充,在工程不确定性结构动力学分析及结构可靠性设计领域发挥作用.      

An investigation of stock price dynamics in emerging markets

The emergence of stock markets in former centrally planned economies poses a significant problem to financial economists and policy makers in that price movements in these markets are not well explained by conventional capital theory. The opening of stock markets brings about a new equilibrium value P̂ for the firm. Shares are floated on an estimate of P̂, and buyers of these shares and individuals trading in the secondary market are also obliged to do so on the basis of their estimates of this magnitude. At any time, the market price of the firm's shares then reflects the market's best guess of what its value would be in the new equilibrium, and information on which to calculate estimates become more readily available as the stock market matures. This paper presents a stochastic price model which takes all of these factors into consideration. The model also provides a theoretical foundation underlying the pronounced trends of prices in emerging stock markets, and explains why they appear to be so volatile. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Peak effects in stable linear difference equations

We consider asymptotically stable scalar difference equations with unit-norm initial conditions. First, it is shown that the solution may happen to deviate far away from the equilibrium point at finite time instants prior to converging to zero. Second, for a number of root distributions and initial conditions, exact values of deviations or lower bounds are provided. Several specific difference equations known from the literature are also analysed and estimates of deviations are proposed. Third, we consider difference equations with non-random noise (ie bounded-noise autoregression) and provide upper bounds on the solutions. Possible generalizations, eg to the vector case are discussed and directions for future research are outlined.