Engineered pixels using active plasmonic holograms with liquid crystals

Digital holography requires arrays of small reconfigurable elements to achieve complex reconstruction of the hologram with common systems based on pixels utilizing liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) technology. The backplane of a typical pixel element is potentially underutilized and thus relatively large physical areas exist in which information can be stored and exploited to give additional functionality to pixel elements. Polarisation and wavelength dependent optical properties can be achieved in small areas using the plasmonic effects of optical antennae. The integration of LCs with optical antennae‐based plasmonic holograms allows active modulation of the far field pattern. The work here demonstrates the concept that conventional LCoS pixel elements can be greatly enhanced with the integration of plasmonic holograms, composed of optical antennae patterned on the surface, giving rise to new levels of modulation capability for holographic pixel elements. Using LCs, polarisation dependent effects in plasmonic holograms can be switched. ‘Engineered pixels', with sub‐wavelength multiplexing over both polarisation and wavelength, can increase the channel capacity of a typical LC display device. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于瑞利-索末菲积分的大衍射角衍射光学元件设计方法

针对现有的衍射光学元件设计方法只适用于小角度衍射的情况,本文提出了一种基于瑞利-索末菲衍射积分的设计方法,可以用来设计具有大衍射角的衍射光学元件。先对目标光场进行坐标变换和强度调整,再利用改进的Gerchberg-Saxton算法优化得到衍射光学元件的相位分布。分别采用本文方法和原有的基于夫琅禾费衍射积分的方法设计衍射光学元件实现线条结构光和不同角度方框图形的光场重构,结果表明:原有的设计方法只适用于衍射角全角小于25°的情况,当衍射角大于25°时,重构光场会出现显著的枕形畸变和不均匀的强度分布。而本文方法在小角度和大角度衍射下都能重构出准确的衍射角和较为均匀的强度分布.     

基于数学形态学的数字全息再现像融合方法

针对数字全息中不同再现距离获得的携带不同聚焦信息的再现像, 提出了一种基于数学形态学的多聚焦再现像融合方法, 以有效扩展成像景深。首先通过小波-Controulet变换获得源图像的高频和低频分量;然后, 针对数字全息中含散斑噪声的特点, 对高频分量采用基于数学形态学区域能量的方法进行融合, 对低频分量采用加权对比度法进行融合;最后, 将融合系数反变换得到融合图像。通过对算法的有效性分析和实验验证, 将本文提出的方法与不加入数学形态学的融合方法进行了对比研究。结果表明, 基于数学形态学的融合方法能充分抑制散斑噪声的影响, 保留更多细节信息, 有效扩展了成像景深范围达11.5 cm。其中, 对于表面粗糙且信息量较少的骰子, 基于数学形态学方法的空间梯度算子提高了11.8%, 熵值提高了2.7%;对于表面光滑且信息量较多的硬币, 其空间梯度算子提高了13.6%, 熵值提高了2.8%。     

应用脉冲全息法研究爆炸引起的地表振动

本文介绍了应用于爆炸应力波研究的脉冲激光全息实验方法:记录了三维模型中爆炸应力波引起的表面位移的全息干涉图:经对干涉条纹图的分析和计算.发现小药量爆炸引起的表面振动随药包埋深的增加而减弱。     

应用ESPI研究水平热管的自然对流现象

本文应用 Vintens ESPI、全息干涉及新发展的 Video 的全息干涉技术,研究了水平热管的自然对流现象。介绍了这三种技术的光学系统,和关于气体温度场的测量原理和测量结果。与热电偶所测温度值比较,结果相当一致。文中还就可能的测量误差作了定性分析。     

A new interferometric method for vibration measurement by electronic holography

Electronic holography is a well-established technique used in real-time, non-contact, whole-field displacement measurements. When using the real-time, time-averaged method for vibration measurments, the quantitative interpretation of dense fringe patterns is difficult because of speckle noise. Even when speckle-reducing procedures are used, such as multiple-frame averaging or rotation of the illumination beam, the remaining speckles and decreasing visibility of higher-order Bessel fringes are serious limitations. The primary objective of this paper is to present a new realtime, interferometric method for mechanical vibration measurements and the associated quantitative interpretation. The fringe pattern obtained by this method is quasi-binary and half as dense as in the time-averaged method. The method greatly improves the overall visibility (contrast, resolution) of vibration fringe patterns without any sacrifice in the real-time capabilities. Quantitative fringe interpretation is straightforward and based on binary fringe tracking. It allows quantitative measurements in situations where the time-averaged fringe processing fails.     

用三步相移法测量温度场

提出了一种采用双参考光光路，并在再现阶段引入相移的方法来测量火焰温度场，克服了在记录阶段引入相移的不足，采用这种方法不仅可以测量准静态场，而且可以测量瞬态场。本文在计算温度时还采用了新的求解方法，守验表明这种方法提高了测量的速度和精度。     

基于数字全息的热透镜效应测量

提出一种数字全息定量测量半导体激光二极管侧面泵浦Nd∶YAG晶体热透镜效应的方法。CCD采集Nd∶YAG晶体在不同泵浦电流下的数字全息图,通过数值重建得到热透镜效应引起的相位分布及其变化过程。再由相位分布计算得到对应的热透镜焦距。实验结果表明,利用数字全息技术可以准确和有效测量热透镜效应及热透镜焦距。     

Averaging scheme for atomic resolution off-axis electron holograms

All micrographs are limited by shot-noise, which is intrinsic to the detection process of electrons. For beam insensitive specimen this limitation can in principle easily be circumvented by prolonged exposure times. However, in the high-resolution regime several instrumental instabilities limit the applicable exposure time. Particularly in the case of off-axis holography the holograms are highly sensitive to the position and voltage of the electron-optical biprism. We present a novel reconstruction algorithm to average series of off-axis holograms while compensating for specimen drift, biprism drift, drift of biprism voltage, and drift of defocus, which all might cause problematic changes from exposure to exposure. We show an application of the algorithm utilizing also the possibilities of double biprism holography, which results in a high quality exit-wave reconstruction with 75 pm resolution at a very high signal-to-noise ratio.     

数字全息视频成像技术及其在肝吸虫尾蚴观测中的应用

由于传统的显微镜成像需要精确的光学聚焦过程,很难检测到在水体中运动的肝吸虫尾蚴,更难以对其进行连续的动态观测.针对此问题,提出了利用单光束同轴数字全息视频技术对在水体中运动的肝吸虫尾蚴进行连续动态观测的方法,研究了其中的动态跟踪聚焦算法和视频处理算法.利用上一帧再现像中尾蚴的中心位置作为下一帧全息再现中聚焦窗口的中心位置,使聚焦窗口始终跟随观测的尾蚴移动,从而保证处理全息视频时每一帧再现像都能准确自动聚焦,使再现视频中肝吸虫尾蚴始终处于清晰状态.进行了肝吸虫尾蚴观测实验,得到肝吸虫尾蚴在水体中运动的全息再现视频,并对其运动轨迹进行了跟踪,总结了肝吸虫尾蚴在水体中的运动规律.实验结果表明,利用数字全息技术拍摄一张数字全息图即可观察到水体中不同位置的肝吸虫尾蚴,检测更加方便高效;本文提出的数字全息视频成像技术能实现对水体中的肝吸虫尾蚴或其它浮游生物进行连续动态观测.