一种非正交对称条带束流位置监测器设计

介绍了一种条带束流位置监测器(BPM)的设计与仿真方法。在国家同步辐射实验室"太赫兹近场高通量材料物性测试系统"工程项目中,针对波荡器出口处真空室非正交对称性的问题,设计了矩形真空室和跑道形真空室下的两种非正交对称性条带BPM,并与传统的圆形真空室下条带BPM进行对比。基于边界元法,利用MATLAB软件分别对三种真空室下的条带BPM进行建模和仿真。仿真结果表明:相对于传统的圆形真空室下条带BPM,矩形和跑道形真空室下条带BPM灵敏度提高了30%,阻抗匹配误差相对降低了20%,束流位置拟合误差降低了80%。考虑加工精度,矩形真空室下的条带BPM更适用于该工程。     

卫星运动预测及规避的建模与求解

近年来,随着各国侦查卫星系统的不断完善,有效根据观测数据预测卫星的轨迹,同时建立适当的规避防范措施变得尤为重要·通过研究地面监测站监测的卫星数据及地理信息,提出了一种基于三维坐标系变换的卫星轨迹求解模型,具体建立模型的方法为:建立4种不同的坐标系,通过卫星坐标在4种坐标系中的变换,将地面检测站检测到的卫星数据进行处理,拟合出卫星的六个运动参数,得出卫星运动轨迹方程,并较为精准的预测卫星被观测站观测到的情况,以及任意时刻星下点的经纬度坐标.针对卫星的运动情况,为满足我方军事目标的运动需求,根据新疆地图建立军队行军路线的有向图,然后,在考虑卫星规避的情况下对每条路线进行模拟分析,最终,通过每条路线模拟分析的结果进行比对,得出最优的行军路线.     

小样本定数截尾场合下威布尔和对数正态分布的拟合检验

本文给出了小样本定数截尾场合下两参数威布尔分布和对数正态分布的拟合检验方法,该方法还适用于一般的位置-刻度参数族分布,论文还通过实际算例说明方法的可行性。     

最大泡压法测表面张力等温线的数据处理方法比较*

对乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、2-甲基丁酸、3-甲基丁酸、正戊酸、正己酸、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、1,2-丙二醇等13种常用试剂在25 ℃下的表面张力数据拟合方法进行了比较,分析了图解法处理数据及多项式、一阶指数函数、幂函数、Shishkovsky经验公式拟合数据的优缺点。指出Shishkovsky经验公式拟合结果准确,受数据样本量影响小,是理想的表面张力数据拟合方法。     

Low‐memory iterative density fitting

A new low‐memory modification of the density fitting approximation based on a combination of a continuous fast multipole method (CFMM) and a preconditioned conjugate gradient solver is presented. Iterative conjugate gradient solver uses preconditioners formed from blocks of the Coulomb metric matrix that decrease the number of iterations needed for convergence by up to one order of magnitude. The matrix‐vector products needed within the iterative algorithm are calculated using CFMM, which evaluates them with the linear scaling memory requirements only. Compared with the standard density fitting implementation, up to 15‐fold reduction of the memory requirements is achieved for the most efficient preconditioner at a cost of only 25% increase in computational time. The potential of the method is demonstrated by performing density functional theory calculations for zeolite fragment with 2592 atoms and 121,248 auxiliary basis functions on a single 12‐core CPU workstation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

WIDECARS spectra fitting in a premixed ethylene–air flame

WIDECARS measures temperature and mole fractions of most of the major species in ethylene–air flames. One of the issues in implementing this technique is fitting the experimental spectra to theory to obtain flame conditions (temperature, species mole fractions). Individual spectra contain many species resonances, and theory is slow to compute. Libraries of precalculated spectra can be used, but a library of sufficient density for accurate interpolation is large given the many variables. A new fitting algorithm is presented which utilizes a less‐dense library, and additional spectra are calculated during fitting to maintain accuracy. The iterative convergence method converts the problem of minimizing fit error, which converges slowly, to a zero finding problem, which converges reliably, rapidly, and accurately to best fit. Various practical fitting issues, such as the effects of dye laser mode noise and variability, phase‐matching efficiency, and shifts of the spectrum on the spectrometer are addressed. The technique is demonstrated in the analysis of experimental measurements in an equivalence ratio 2.1 ethylene–air flame above the surface of a McKenna burner. Precision errors because of experimental and fitting effects are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

应用数字图像相关方法测量含缺陷试样的全场变形

利用数字图像相关方法测量表面带孔洞、裂纹、缺口等缺陷试样的全场变形是许多实际测量任务中经常遇到的问题。就此问题，本文阐述了一种先对要避免计算的缺陷区域进行标记，在随后进行的相关计算中直接避免这些标记区域的方法。在已计算得到全场位移的情况下，文中提出了基于局部位移场最小二乘拟合的方法来计算区域边界、孔洞、裂纹或缺口附近等区域应变。最后对单侧边带半圆缺口试样的单向疲劳拉伸实验的计算结果充分显示本文方法的有效性和可靠性。     

On the Validity of Darcy's Law for Stable High-Concentration Displacements in Granular Porous Media

Recently, it has been suggested that Darcy's Law might not be applicable for modelling miscible, density-dependent flow in porous media. To investigate this, three sets of careful laboratory column experiments were performed on coarse and medium sands, consisting of upward displacement of water by sodium chloride solutions with concentrations ranging from 5 to 200g/l. Data on salt concentrations and water pressures were collected in horizontal transects along the flow direction. Salt concentration data were also collected in the influent and exit lines. The experimental data were analysed using a simplified approach based on Darcy's Law alone, applied with the assumption of a sharp interface. Darcy's Law was used to estimate porous medium permeability by fitting predictions to experimental data. Consistent estimates of permeability were obtained for each set of experiments. The results indicate that Darcy's Law adequately describes high concentration displacements through saturated coarse- and medium-grained porous media.     

Numerical discretization-based kernel type estimation methods for ordinary differential equation models

We consider the problem of parameter estimation in both linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equation(ODE) models. Nonlinear ODE models are widely used in applications. But their analytic solutions are usually not available. Thus regular methods usually depend on repetitive use of numerical solutions which bring huge computational cost. We proposed a new two-stage approach which includes a smoothing method(kernel smoothing or local polynomial fitting) in the first stage, and a numerical discretization method(Eulers discretization method, the trapezoidal discretization method,or the Runge–Kutta discretization method) in the second stage. Through numerical simulations, we find the proposed method gains a proper balance between estimation accuracy and computational cost.Asymptotic properties are also presented, which show the consistency and asymptotic normality of estimators under some mild conditions. The proposed method is compared to existing methods in term of accuracy and computational cost. The simulation results show that the estimators with local linear smoothing in the first stage and trapezoidal discretization in the second stage have the lowest average relative errors. We apply the proposed method to HIV dynamics data to illustrate the practicability of the estimator.     

最小二乘B样条函数在火箭发动机数据处理中的应用

在固体火箭发动机地面试验数据处理中,通过应用最小二乘三次B样条函数拟合的方法,进行野值辨识和修复。文中阐述了实际应用中的步骤及应注意的几点问题。为避免常规的控制序列中含有野值而影响数据辨识的问题,提出差别选取控制点循环过滤的方法,实现精度更高的野值辨识。进而采用门限判别方法,实现野值的修复。通过实测数据处理的应用表明,该算法对单个和成片野值的辨识度都很高,适用于火箭发动机地面试验数据处理。