博弈论在打假中的运用

运用博弈论的方法对个人打假、政府打假及举报制度进行假设、建模和分析 ,结果显示 :无论在个人打假中 ,还是在政府打假中 ,单纯依靠经济手段显然无法达到预期效果 ,而应该同时运用行政手段、法律手段、精神手段等 ,同时为了减少信息不对称对打假者的影响 ,有必要建立举报制度 .我们期望我们的分析结果能为有效开展打假活动提供一种思路 .     

Illusion and reality in the quantum world

Often considered as the last ‘encyclopedist’, Henri Poincaré died one hundred years ago. If he was a prominent man in 1900 French Society, his heritage is not so clearly recognised, particularly in France. Among his too often misunderstood works is his contribution to the theory of relativity, mainly because it is almost never presented within Poincaré's general approach to science, including his philosophical writings. Our aim is therefore to provide an historical account of the main steps (experimental as well as theoretical) which led Poincaré to contribute to the theory of relativity. Starting from the optical experiments which led to the inconsistency of the classical (Galilean) composition law for velocities to explain light propagation, we introduce the FitzGerald and Lorentz contraction which was viewed as the ‘sole hypothesis’ to explain the Michelson and Morley experiment. We then show that Poincaré's contribution starts with a discussion of the principles governing the mechanics and was built step by step up to express in all its generality the principle of relativity. Poincaré thus showed the invariance of the Maxwell equations under the Lorentz transformation. In doing so, he also discovered the right composition law for velocities. Poincaré's approach to philosophy is detailed to help the reader to understand what a theory meant to him.     

Determination of cationic surfactants in pharmaceuticals based on competitive aggregation in ternary amphiphile mixtures

Since the introduction of the euro as the common currency in most of the countries of the European Union, the production of counterfeit banknotes has increased steadily. The European Central Bank has distributed information on a systematic procedure to distinguish genuine notes from counterfeits based on the look, feel and tilt of the notes. Counterfeits, however, have remained difficult to detect. In order to improve such detection, a procedure based on the analysis of several areas of euro notes using microscope ATR-infrared spectroscopy is proposed. This procedure is fast, robust and non-destructive and it can be applied in situ. The present study is focused on the denomination most frequently falsified, the 50€ note, but 100€ notes were also analysed. The inter- and intra-bank reproducibility of the original notes was also evaluated. Results indicate that characteristics of the spectra depend mainly on the area of the note studied and, furthermore, these characteristics do not change with the nominal value of the notes. Counterfeit banknotes were also analysed and were clearly distinguished from authentic notes in all cases. Unlike genuine notes, the spectra of fakes are the same in all areas of the note analysed.