面向超导钉扎磁浮的液氮液位检测方法研究现状

高温超导钉扎磁浮制式以悬浮导向一体化、自稳定、无需控制等优势得到了越来越多的关注.与其他磁浮制式不同,高温超导钉扎磁浮制式采用块状高温超导材料作为车载悬浮体,需要低温液体液氮作为悬浮单元的制冷剂,冷却方式为浴冷,因此实时监测液氮液面,保证液面平稳是未来超导钉扎磁浮车运行维护的首要需求.本文从车载高温超导YBaCuO块材所需的液氮环境及其配套的液氮容器功能和结构出发,结合我们近期的基于卡尔曼滤波(Kalman filtering,KF)滤波算法的铂电阻传感器液氮液位计研究工作,对6种低温液位检测方法的基础原理、特征及检测精度的对比分析,总结示出包括铂电阻阵列方式在内的3种适用于超导钉扎磁浮列车在线检测系统的液氮液位检测方法,用于推进我国2021年1月13日正式启用的高温超导钉扎高速磁浮工程化样车应用发展.     

提高YBCO块材在外磁场中悬浮力

本给出了三种提高YBCO块材在外磁场中悬浮力的方法．第一种方法是增强外磁场，对于此方法，本研究了一块直径为30mm的圆柱状YBCO块材分别在圆柱状NdFeB永磁体和NdFeB永磁导轨上的悬浮力．测量结果表明在77K温度下YBCO块在圆柱状NdFeB永磁体上的最大悬浮力为50N，在NdFeB永磁导轨上的最大悬浮力为103．ON．第二种方法是提高YBCO块材自身的性能，包括临界电流密度、俘获磁通和块材尺寸，对于此方法，本仅研究了块材尺寸对悬浮力的影响．三块直径分别为30mm、35mm、40mm的圆柱状YBC0块材在NdFeB永磁导轨上的悬浮力被测量，77K温度下5mm悬浮间距时的悬浮力分别为103．ON、134．5N、175．ON．第三方法是将YBCO块材变成准永久磁体，此种情况下，直径为40mm的圆柱状YBCO块材在77K温度下5mm悬浮间距时的悬浮力高达218．3N．     

Measurement of the impedance of very thin superconducting YBaCuO films at 10 GHz with a cavity perturbation method between 4 and 300 K

We have measured the complex film impedance 1/σd (σ conductivity, d film thickness) of three YBaCuO thin films with d = 44, 115, and 168 nm on MgO substrates at 10.2 GHz in the temperature range between 300 and 4 K. Below T_c, the experimental results are discussed in terms of the two-fluid model and the BCS theory. The residual resistance decreases with the film thickness. The thinnest film has a residual surface resistance of 3 · 10^?4 Ω. For this film, the complex microwave conductivity is calculated and compared with the models. Apart from the residual resistance, the measured conductivity is in agreement with the peak caused by the energy gap of the BCS theory. All measurements were performed with a cavity perturbation method which we have to our knowledge applied for the first time to superconducting thin films. The method allows to determine the complex impedance of films with arbitrary thickness. In particular, films with thicknesses small compared to the skin depth δ or the London penetration depth λ can be measured. Therefore, we are able to measure the impedance both in the normal and superconducting state.     

Non-monotonic driven vortex noise in HTSC

We present noise measurements on YBCO thin films in different conditions of magnetic field and driving current. Noise spectra for non-driven and driven cases (in the flux-creep region) evidence deep differences in vortex dynamics between these two regimes. For the driven case, the effect of applying magnetic field is a reduction in noise, which can be explained by the increase in the fraction of vortices that undergo flux-flow. For the non-driven case, magnetic field has no significative influence on noise, probably due to the absence of Lorentz force that causes coherent movement of vortices. For all magnetic fields studied in this work (0-154 mT) the effect of increasing current is an increase of noise, which is in contrast to the results from other authors. This behavior can be explained by an increase of current induced vortex-antivortex annihilation events. We propose that driven noise has a non-monotonic behavior due to the competition between annihilation events and driving force which causes opposite effects on noise.     

Study on the effects of fluorine and oxygen deficiency on YBa2Cu307 byab initio method

The calculations of clusters modeling the fluorine-doping and oxygen deficiency of YBa₂Cu₃0₇ have been performed by the method of all-electronab initio Hartree-Fock with self-consistent crystal field. Results show that in CuO planes electric charge significantly increases, the chemical valence of Cu decreases and the covalent bonding of Cu-O greatly weakens owing to oxygen deficiency, while the effect of F restores the local electronic structure of YBa₂Cu₃O₇. The reported opinion that F occupied the oxygen vacancy in Cu-O chains seems disputable according to the calculated bonding characteristics Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

多块YBaCuO高温超导体在永磁轨道上的悬浮力

】报道了多块 YBa Cu O高温超导体块材的不同组合方式在永磁轨道上的磁悬浮力的实验研究结果 ,实验研究证明不同的组合方式对其悬浮力的影响较大。作者分别研究了四块 YBa Cu O高温超导体块材以不同的组合方式在永磁轨道上的悬浮力 ,并进行了分析比较 ,为高温超导磁悬浮车的设计提供了初步的实验依据     

NdFeB永磁轨道上方YBaCuO块材的悬浮稳定性与场冷位置间关系

如何获得稳定悬浮是高温超导磁悬浮系统的一个重大问题.高温超导体在外磁场中所受的悬浮力和导向力是两个衡量系统悬浮稳定性的重要参数.本文实验研究了场冷情况下NdFeB永磁轨道上方YBaCuO块材在竖直运动和水平运动时所受悬浮力和导向力的情况,并且根据Bean模型开发了数值计算程序用于悬浮力和导向力的计算分析.不同竖直场冷高度下计算值和实验值获得了较好的一致性.实验结果和计算结果都显示出永磁轨道场中高温超导体所受的两个力与其场冷历史有着密切的关系,也就是说超导体的悬浮稳定性受场冷历史影响程度较大.不同的竖直场冷高度,其最大悬浮力的变化趋势和最大导向力的变化趋势相反.较小的水平场冷位置导致了较大的导向力和较大的磁滞.根据上述结果,为了获得较优的悬浮稳定性,本文推荐了可行的场冷高度范围和有效的高温超导体组合方式.     

The effect of duration of diffusion on Ag diffusion coefficients in YBa2Cu3O7

The Ag diffusion in superconducting YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (YBaCuO) ceramic has been studied over the duration of the diffusion range 5-24 h in the temperature range 700-850 °C by the energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. For the excitation of silver atoms, an annular Am-241 radioisotope source (50 mCi) emitting 59.543 keV photons was used. The temperature dependences of silver diffusion coefficients in grains (D₁) and over the grain boundaries in the range 700-850 °C (D₂) are described by the relations D₁=1.4×10⁻² exp[−(1.18±0.10)/kT] and D₂=3.1×10⁻⁴ exp[−(0.87±0.10)/kT].     

Changes in depth profiles of oxygen and copper in Y-Ba-Cu-O film under annealing

Changes in element depth profiles in a YBaCuO superconducting film on a SrTiO₃ substrate due to one year aging and annealing were investigated by the ion backscattering technique. Crystal perfection of the film was checked by the X-ray rocking curve method. It was found that the film was polycrystalline, with the preferred orientation of thec axis along the normal to the substrate surface with an angle dispersion of 2 °, and that the in-planea andb axes were randomly orientated. The aging experiments have shown that the oxygen content in the surface region increases with the time constant = 20 days. Annealing in a vacuum at 100 °C restores the initial oxygen content. After 2 hours of annealing in an oxygen atmosphere at 400 °C, an unexpectedly strong change in oxygen and copper depth profiles is observed. Since a strong correlation exists between the profile changes, a hypothesis has been advanced about the relationship between oxygen and copper transport in the process of annealing. Taking into account the polycrystalline structure of the film, one can conclude that intergrain diffusion dominates in the oxygen and copper transport.     

电泳沉积法制备YBaCuO厚膜工艺的研究

在极间距为 2 .5 cm的电泳容器中 ,以丙酮为分散介质 ,沉积速度随着粉末浓度和碘加入量的增加先增加后减小 ,最佳参数值 YBa Cu O粉末浓度 3g/ l,碘 0 .3/ l。在本实验设备条件下 ,外加直流电压应为 110 V。在 930℃下恒温 4小时就能达到固化效果 ,没有裂纹出现。固化膜对基带的附着力用划格法测量 ,按 ASTM( American Standards of Testing Mate-rial)标准可达 1级。