首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   1199篇
  免费   248篇
  国内免费   659篇
化学   1580篇
晶体学   103篇
力学   24篇
综合类   20篇
物理学   379篇
  2024年   2篇
  2023年   23篇
  2022年   42篇
  2021年   50篇
  2020年   72篇
  2019年   77篇
  2018年   60篇
  2017年   102篇
  2016年   106篇
  2015年   88篇
  2014年   110篇
  2013年   76篇
  2012年   145篇
  2011年   150篇
  2010年   89篇
  2009年   115篇
  2008年   131篇
  2007年   102篇
  2006年   76篇
  2005年   82篇
  2004年   57篇
  2003年   78篇
  2002年   75篇
  2001年   54篇
  2000年   40篇
  1999年   33篇
  1998年   21篇
  1997年   11篇
  1996年   6篇
  1995年   2篇
  1994年   7篇
  1993年   5篇
  1992年   4篇
  1991年   1篇
  1990年   3篇
  1989年   1篇
  1988年   1篇
  1987年   2篇
  1986年   2篇
  1985年   5篇
排序方式: 共有2106条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Producing chemical fuels from sunlight enables a sustainable way for energy consumption.Among various solar fuel generation approaches,photocatalytic CO2 reduction has the advantages of simple structure,mild reaction condition,directly reducing carbon emissions,etc.However,most of the current photocatalytic systems can only absorb the UV-visible spectrum of solar light.Therefore,finding a way to utilize infrared light in the photocatalytic system has attracted more and more attention.Here,a Z-scheme In2S3-TiO2 was constructed for CO2 reduction under concentrated natural sunlight.The infrared light was used to create a high-temperature environment for photocatalytic reactions.The evolution rates of H2,CO,and C2H5OH reached 262.2,73.9,and 27.56μmol?h-1?g-1,respectively,with an overall solar to fuels efficiency of 0.002%.This work provides a composite photocatalyst towards the utilization of full solar light spectrum,and could promote the research on photocatalytic CO2 reduction.  相似文献   
2.
The separation efficiency of charge carriers determines the analytical sensitivity of the paper-based photoelectrochemical sensor. Herein, the Lewis base modification strategy is proposed to promote the carrier separation through an in-situ ion exchange method. Firstly, three-dimensional paper-based hierarchically TiO2 (PHT) arrays are prepared with the one-step hydrothermal method. With the aid of Lewis base, the photo-induced charge separation efficiency and the photocurrent signal are obviously increased. Ultimately, sensitive sensing of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is achieved and the linear range is 1 pg/mL–100 ng/mL with the detection limitation of 0.3 pg/mL.  相似文献   
3.
In this study, we have provided a facile solution to synthesize well-aligned titanium dioxide nanorods by using hydrothermal reaction. By calcining the materials under different atmospheres and temperatures, a batch of titanium dioxides with excellent oxygen evolution reaction(OER) catalytic efficiency were obtained. This new structured TiO2 photoanode material yields a high photocurrent density of 5.69 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE) under simulated solar light(100 mW/cm2). Surface photovoltage techniques and other measurements were carried out to confirm that the enhanced photoelectrochemical performances were attributed to the synergistic effect of the phase junction and a certain content of surface states, which accelerate the separation and transmission of the photogenerated charges. This material with phase junction and surface states promises a potential application in the field of photoelectric catalysis under solar light.  相似文献   
4.
The development of nanostructured semiconductor electrodes represented by a mesoporous TiO2 nanocrystalline (mp-TiO2) film is currently bringing great progresses in photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices for solar-to-electricity and solar-to-chemical conversion. Two serious losses can occur in PEC devices: 1) recombination between the conduction band (CB) electrons and valence band (VB) holes in the bulk and at the surface and 2) back reaction or electron trapping by oxidant in the electrolyte solution during transport to the electron-collecting electrode. Thus, the major challenge in common with the nanostructured semiconductor photoanodes is to achieve efficient charge separation and electron transport. In this study, an ultrathin SiOx layer was formed on both the external and the internal surface of mp-TiO2 using an original chemisorption-calcination technique employing 1,3,5,7-tetramethyltetrasiloxane as a starting material. The SiOx surface modification of the mp-TiO2 photoanode drastically prolongs the mean lifetime of CB-electrons in TiO2 because of enhanced charge separation and electron transport by the negative charge applied in aqueous electrolyte solution. We have demonstrated that the performance of a one-compartment H2O2-photofuel cell using mp-TiO2 as the photoanode is greatly boosted by the surface modification with the SiOx layer. We anticipate that this methodology is widely applicable to nanostructured metal oxide semiconductor electrodes, contributing to the improvement in the performance of PEC devices.  相似文献   
5.
A facile and controllable in situ reduction strategy is used to create surface oxygen vacancies (OVs) on Aurivillius‐phase Sr2Bi2Nb2TiO12 nanosheets, which were prepared by a mineralizer‐assisted soft‐chemical method. Introduction of OVs on the surface of Sr2Bi2Nb2TiO12 extends photoresponse to cover the whole visible region and also tremendously promotes separation of photoinduced charge carriers. Adsorption and activation of CO2 molecules on the surface of the catalyst are greatly enhanced. In the gas‐solid reaction system without co‐catalysts or sacrificial agents, OVs‐abundant Sr2Bi2Nb2TiO12 nanosheets show outstanding CO2 photoreduction activity, producing CO with a rate of 17.11 μmol g?1 h?1, about 58 times higher than that of the bulk counterpart, surpassing most previously reported state‐of‐the‐art photocatalysts. Our study provides a three‐in‐one integrated solution to advance the performance of photocatalysts for solar‐energy conversion and generation of renewable energy.  相似文献   
6.
程翔  毕迎普 《分子催化》2020,34(4):341-365
光电催化水分解制氢是目前解决能源危机与环境污染最理想的技术之一.设计和构筑高效的光阳极是实现光电催化技术实际应用的关键.在众多半导体光阳极材料中,TiO_2纳米阵列由于其快的电荷传输速率,高的光热稳定性,无毒和成本低等优点,已经被广泛用于光电催化水分解反应的研究.但是TiO_2本征的光吸收范围窄、光生电荷复合率高、表面水氧化动力学缓慢严重地制约了其太阳能-氢能转换效率.我们结合近年来国内外及本课题组的研究工作详细论述了TiO_2纳米阵列的改性策略,主要包括利用元素掺杂来拓展TiO_2的光吸收范围并提高导电性,构筑异质结促进光电极电荷的分离与转移,半导体敏化增加光电极的可见光吸收并促进电荷转移,表面处理用于增加表面水氧化反应速率.最后指出了该材料发展现状,并对其发展前景做出展望.我们为进一步提高TiO_2纳米阵列的光电催化水分解活性提供了理论指导和实践借鉴.  相似文献   
7.
Photocatalysts with well‐designed compositions and structures are desirable for achieving highly efficient solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. Heterostructured semiconductor photocatalysts with advanced hollow structures possess beneficial features for promoting the activity towards photocatalytic reactions. Here we develop a facile synthetic strategy for the fabrication of Fe2TiO5TiO2 nanocages (NCs) as anode materials in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting cells. A hydrothermal reaction is performed to transform MIL‐125(Ti) nanodisks (NDs) to Ti–Fe–O NCs, which are further converted to Fe2TiO5TiO2 NCs through a post annealing process. Owing to the compositional and structural advantages, the heterostructured Fe2TiO5TiO2 NCs show enhanced performance for PEC water oxidation compared with TiO2 NDs, Fe2TiO5 nanoparticles (NPs) and Fe2TiO5TiO2 NPs.  相似文献   
8.
王庆宝  张仲  徐锡金  吕英波  张芹 《物理学报》2015,64(1):17101-017101
采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的平面波超软赝势方法(PWPP), 利用Material studio 计算N, Fe, La三种元素掺杂引起的锐钛矿TiO2晶体结构、能带结构和态密度变化. 并通过溶胶-凝胶法制得锐钛矿型本征TiO2, N, Fe共掺杂TiO2和N, Fe, La共掺杂TiO2; 用X射线衍射和扫描电镜表征结构; 紫外-可见分光光度计检测TiO2对甲基橙的降解效率变化. 计算结果表明, 由于N, Fe, La三掺杂TiO2的晶格体积、键长等发生变化, 导致晶体对称性下降, 光生电子-空穴对有效分离, 同时在导带底和价带顶形成杂质能级, TiO2禁带宽度由1.78 eV变为1.35 eV, 减小25%, 光吸收带边红移, 态密度数增加, 电子跃迁概率提升, 光催化能力增加. 实验结果表明: 离子掺杂使颗粒变小, 粒径大小: 本征TiO2>N/Fe_TiO2>N/Fe/La_TiO2, 并测得N/Fe/La_TiO2发光峰425 nm, 能隙减小, 光催化能力比N/Fe_TiO2强, 增强原因是杂质能级和电子态数量增加引起.  相似文献   
9.
采用工业用V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂,基于傅里叶原位红外光谱(FT-IR)技术考察SO2的氧化过程及烟气组分对SO2氧化行为的影响;结果表明,SO2在催化剂表面氧化主要是首先吸附在催化剂表面V2O5活性位上,占据其O原子,以SO2-3形式存在,后与催化剂表面V5+-OH发生反应,生成金属硫酸盐(VOSO4)中间产物,O2重新氧化催化氧化过程中由于被SO2夺取O原子而被还原的V2O5物种,使V4+转化为V5+,促进金属硫酸盐(VOSO4)向SO3转化;SO2与NO、NH3的竞争吸附阻碍SO2在V2O5活性点位上的氧化;在SCR中,NO的脱除与SO2的氧化是相互抑制的关系。  相似文献   
10.
In recent years, TiO2 has been widely investigated as a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries because of its low volume change during the charge/discharge process, environmental benignity, and high safety. However, it suffers from poor electron transport, slow ion diffusion, and low theoretical capacity (335 mAh·g-1), which limit its practical application. In this paper, we review the development history and latest progress of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) as anode materials. Three typical synthesis methods of TNTs, namely, hydrothermal method, anodic oxidation, and template method, are analyzed in detail. We explain the formation mechanism, compare the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and identify the factors influencing the formation of TNTs. We also carefully analyze the morphology and crystallography of TNTs and describe how they influence the electrochemical performance. It is pointed out that c-axis oriented, arrayed, unsealed TNTs with a wall thickness less than 5 nm show better electrochemical performance. Various approaches for improving the electrochemical performance of TNTs are summarized, including preparation of threedimensional (3D) structured electrodes, doping, coating, and synthesis of composites. Among these approaches, compositing with materials that have high capacity and high conductivity has proven to be effective, convenient, and controllable. The achievements and the problems associated with each approach are summarized, and the possible research directions and prospects of TNTs as anode materials for Li-ion batteries in the future are discussed.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号