可重复使用飞行器热走廊物理建模研究

对再入热走廊的物理含义进行了定义分析,为使防热层温度不超过热防护系统所允许使用的极限温度,可重复使用飞行器的飞行轨道必须在再入走廊热之内。建立了可重复使用飞行器再入热走廊的物理模型,给出该物理模型下热走廊的控制方程和求解方法。通过对航天飞机轨道器典型位置的再入热走廊与传统方法的验证分析,说明本文建立的可重复使用飞行器再入热走廊物理模型和求解方法是正确的,同时探讨了表面材料承受温度和发射系数对热走廊的影响规律。     

Degradation and recovery in poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/ thermoplastic starch blends

The economic and social impact of the increasing waste disposal problems of conventional plastic materials are well known and promoted the search for better recyclable and biodegradable polymers, blends and compounds. Fully biodegradable blends of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), a synthetic copolyester, and thermoplastic starch (TPS), a natural polysaccharide, are of technical and economic interest in the quest for eco-friendly polymeric materials to substitute conventional alternatives. One of less desirable characteristics of many new biodegradable materials is their relative thermal instability (degradation) under processing conditions.In the present work, PBAT/TPS blends with up to 30% TPS were processed at different temperatures in a laboratory internal mixer, with and without the incorporation of a chain extender additive (Joncryl). The rate of change of torque during the melt processing stage, adjusted to eliminate minor temperature variations, is a very sensitive indicator of variation of molar mass due to degradation and recovery. It was found that TPS content promotes thermal degradation in the PBAT/TPS blends at levels above those observed in neat components, in a strongly composition and temperature-dependent process. The addition of 1% of the chain extender additive partially reverts the process, especially during processing at high temperature.     

A meshless method using the radial basis functions for numerical solution of the regularized long wave equation

This article discusses on the solution of the regularized long wave (RLW) equation, which is introduced to describe the development of the undular bore, has been used for modeling in many branches of science and engineering. A numerical method is presented to solve the RLW equation. The main idea behind this numerical simulation is to use the collocation and approximating the solution by radial basis functions (RBFs). To avoid solving the nonlinear system, a predictor‐corrector scheme is proposed. Several test problems are given to validate the new technique. The numerical simulation, includes the propagation of a solitary wave, interaction of two positive solitary waves, interaction of a positive and a negative solitary wave, the evaluation of Maxwellian pulse into stable solitary waves and the development of an undular bore. The three invariants of the motion are calculated to determine the conservation properties of the algorithm. The results of numerical experiments are compared with analytical solution and with those of other recently published methods to confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the presented scheme.© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010     

A meshless method for numerical solution of a linear hyperbolic equation with variable coefficients in two space dimensions

A meshless method is proposed for the numerical solution of the two space dimensional linear hyperbolic equation subject to appropriate initial and Dirichlet boundary conditions. The new developed scheme uses collocation points and approximates the solution employing thin plate splines radial basis functions. Numerical results are obtained for various cases involving variable, singular and constant coefficients, and are compared with analytical solutions to confirm the good accuracy of the presented scheme. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009     

The comparison of the proton dose distribution calculated with the treatment planning system and measured with alanine detectors in the eye phantom irradiated under therapeutic conditions

The paper describes the applicability of commercially available alanine detectors produced by Synergy Health for verification of the dose distribution calculated by the treatment planning system (TPS) used in proton eye radiotherapy – Eclipse Ocular Proton Planning (EOPP) program, version 8.9.06, Varian Medical Systems. The TPS-planned dose distribution at selected points in the eye phantom is compared to the dose registered by alanine detectors at these points during a simulated therapeutic irradiation at the proton eye radiotherapy facility in the Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics (IFJ PAN), Krakow, Poland. The phantom was irradiated to obtain, a typical for choroidal melanoma, fraction dose of 15 CGE (13,64 Gy) at the tumor location. The dose registered with alanine pellets located inside the simulated tumor volume demonstrates a good agreement with the TPS-planned dose. The typical for proton radiotherapy, steep dose fall-off outside the treated area is registered by the alanine pellets however, it is difficult to assess it quantitatively, because the dose related EPR signal is registered from the entire pellet volume.     

Hypervelocity impact resistance of reinforced carbon-carbon/carbon-foam thermal protection systems

Common aero vehicles (CAVs) are aerodynamically designed, (from orbit) re-entry, un-powered military vehicles planned to be used for deployment of the desired munitions with increased accuracy and range. In one of the currently considered designs of the CAVs, their outer skin is planned to be constructed from two-ply panels. The outer play is made of a carbon-carbon composite while the inner ply is constructed from a carbon-based foam. In the present work a transient non-linear-dynamics-based analysis is carried out in order to predict the extent of damage and the probability for failure of the carbon-carbon/carbon-foam CAV panels during potential hypervelocity impact of space debris with the outer surface of the CAVs. The results obtained show that the extent of damage scales with the normal component of the momentum associated with the debris particles just before the impact. In addition, it is found that despite its relatively low strength, the carbon-foam can provide a major increase in the resistance of the CAV panels towards penetration of the hypervelocity debris particles. This finding has been linked with an attendant consolidation of the foam, the process that is capable of absorbing a substantial amount of kinetic energy carried by the debris particles.     

Silyl group deprotection by Pd/C/H2. A facile and selective method

An easy, high yield, RT, short-reaction-time Pd/C hydrogenation of silyl groups is described. This includes TES, TPS, TBS, TBDMS, TIPS, and TBDPS. The relative selectivity of the process has been investigated and we can show, for example, that TES, TPS, TBS, and TBDMS removal can be performed in the presence of TIPS and TBDPS.     

载体对氧化铜高温脱硫过程影响的研究

通过ＸＲＤ（Ｘ－射线衍射），ＸＰＳ（Ｘ－射线光电子能谱），ＴＰＳ（程序升温硫化）及固定床脱硫性能测试等手段对负载型氧化铜脱硫剂进行了较系统的研究，结果表明载体的存在减小了内扩散阻力，提高了单位氧化铜脱硫剂的硫容，氧化铜在不同载体上的分散状态也不尽相同，Ｃ２ｐ３／２，Ｏ１ｓ自由能存在明显差异，ＴＰＳ研究表明不同载体上的单层分散的及未分散的氧化铜的硫化温度也存在区别。     

Comparative analysis of some thermo-physical properties of Se90Zn10 and Te90Zn10 alloys

The present paper reports a comparative study of some thermo-physical properties (thermal conductivity, diffusivity and specific heat per unit volume) of Se₉₀Zn₁₀ and Te₉₀Zn₁₀ alloys. Simultaneous measurements of effective thermal conductivity (λ_e) and effective thermal diffusivity (χ_e) of twin pellets of Se₉₀Zn₁₀ and Te₉₀Zn₁₀ alloys using transient plane source (TPS) technique have been made at room temperature. From the measured values of λ_e and χ_e, the specific heat per unit volume (C_v) has been calculated. The results indicate that the measured values of these parameters are higher for Te₉₀Zn₁₀ alloy as compared to Se₉₀Zn₁₀ alloy. This is explained in terms of thermal conductivity of chalcogen elements Se and Te.     

高超声速飞行器大面积热防护系统的传热数值分析

隔热毡是高超声速飞行器防热系统中重要的组成部分。隔热毡内存在复杂的多种传热形式的耦合,本文详细地分析了隔热结构内导热与辐射的复合换热问题,用光学厚极限法分析了隔热层纤维席内辐射热流。建立了高温绝热毡有效热导率的数值计算模型,分析了温度和压力对传热机制的影响。该模型预测的有效导热系数与试验结果最大误差不超过6%。通过应用数值分析方法得到有效导热系数,建立了防热结构一维瞬态传热模型,该模型结果与瞬态实验结果最大误差为8%。最后还计算出不同厚度隔热毡蒙皮结构的温度响应,并分析讨论了隔热毡厚度对隔热效果的影响。本文研究表明:TPS隔热毡的厚度达到63.3mm后,继续增加尺寸,其隔热效率将明显降低。