Tuning the properties of a black TiO2-Ag visible light photocatalyst produced by a rapid one-pot chemical reduction

A highly efficient black TiO₂-Ag photocatalytic nanocomposite, active under both UV and visible light illumination, was synthesized by decorating the surface of 25 nm TiO₂ particles with Ag nanoparticles. The material was obtained via a rapid, one-pot, simple (surfactant and complexing agent free) chemical reduction method using silver nitrate and formaldehyde as a metal salt and reducing agent, respectively. The nanocomposite shows an increase of over 800% in the rate of photocatalytic methylene blue dye degradation, compared to commercial unmodified TiO_2, under UV-VIS illumination. Unlike pure TiO₂, the nanocomposite exhibits visible light activation, with a corresponding drop in optical reflectance from 100% to less than 10%. The photocatalytic properties were shown to be strongly enhanced by post-reduction annealing heat treatments in air, which were observed to decrease, rather than coarsen, silver particle size, and increase particle distribution. This, accompanied by a variation in the silver surface oxidation states, appear to dramatically affect the photocatalytic efficiency under both UV and visible light. This highly active photocatalyst could have wide ranging applications in water and air pollution remediation and solar fuel production.     

Study on the Structure of TiO2 Thin Film by Means of Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy

The diffuse reflectance infrared spectra of TiO₂ thin films deposited on different base materials and formed under different experimental conditions(temperature, ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to water and adulteration of different metallic elements) were determined and the structure of the films were discussed.     

Structural, optical and electromagnetic properties of aluminum-clay nanocomposites

Aluminum pillared and exchanged bentonite particles were synthesized by the ion exchange method. The characteristics of the particles were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), reflectance spectrophotometer (RS) and electromagnetic transition instrument (ETI). FTIR spectra showed a successful incorporation of Al complexes into the clay interlayer. The TGA result demonstrated an improvement in thermal stability of the Al-pillared clay compared with the untreated particles. SEM and EDX results showed the presence of aluminum aggregates on the surface of clay. It was also found that Al ions affect electromagnetic properties of the clay particles.     

多波长薄层扫描分析非那西丁和咖啡因

将阵列感光的光纤光谱仪与二维电移平台结合,完成多波长薄层反射扫描定量,提供二阶张量数据输出.设计的仪器采取“弓”形二维移动扫描,探头与薄层板间距2mm,能在200ms积分时间内同时获取紫外—近红外2048个波长响应值,利用Kubelka-Munk函数积分值定量,提高了薄层扫描定量的线性度和准确度,检出范围覆盖纳克到毫克...     

Preparation of polybutylene terephthalate/silica nanocomposites by melt compounding: Evaluation of surface properties

Influence of nanosilica on surface properties of poly(butylene terephthalate) was investigated by the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurement (CAM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and reflectance spectroscopy (RS). FTIR results indicated that surface groups of silica have some interfacial interactions and bonding with carboxyl or hydroxyl end groups of PBT chains. AFM and SEM figures of the resultant nanocomposites illustrated increased surface roughness compared to pure PBT. Optical properties of nanocomposite films were finally determined by the aid of reflectance spectrophotometer.     

Low emissivity Ag/Si/glass thin films deposited by sputtering

Si was deposited on the glass substrate as an interlayer for the 2-D growth of Ag thin films because Si has a strong binding energy against Ag and can lead to a negative surface energy change in Ag/glass. The Si interlayer induced an extremely smooth and flat Ag surface, which effectively reduced the resistance and enhanced the reflectance in the IR region. In particular, Ag (9 nm)/Si (3 nm)/glass showed 0.074 emissivity and ∼91% reflectance in the IR region with 67% transmittance in the visible region.     

Novel spectrophotometer for the measurement of color and appearance

A new spectrophotometer design permits simultaneous measurement of color and surface appearance attributes of reflecting specimens. The new design provides a multi-channel spectrometer that is simple, compact, light, and inexpensive, while having a unique combination of features and performance. Novel d/8° geometry provides new capabilities. With a single quick measurement, the instrument measures color and several other appearance attributes. A concentric optical configuration used for the spectrometer eliminates third-order optical aberrations. The optical design and unique features are described and performance data are presented.     

Determination of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Species in Aqueous Solution Using Teflon Coated ATR Waveguide/FTIR Spectroscopy

The potential of an optical sensor based on mid-infrared spectroscopy, utilising a zinc selenide (ZnSe) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) element coated with an amorphous Teflon polymer, to determine chlorinated hydrocarbon species (CHC) in an aqueous environment is examined. The polymer coating concentrates the analytes within the penetration depth of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) evanescent wave and excludes water from the region. Teflon AF (Amorphous Fluoropolymer) is a family of amorphous copolymers based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and is commercially available in two polymeric grades. Teflon AF is highly amorphous in nature with a large 'void volume', exhibits excellent chemical resistance and low water absorption. Such properties identify it as an excellent candidate for enrichment coating on an ATR/FTIR sensor. The potential of both polymeric grades of Teflon AF as enrichment membranes for ATR/FTIR analysis of CHC species was examined and contrasted. A rapid, repeatable, reversible response was observed with both grades to a range of CHC species. Linear responses in the mg/L region, with detection limits in the low mg/L region were achieved with the system used.     

遮光罩内壁蜂窝结构单元的双向反射特性

内壁蜂窝结构是决定遮光罩杂散光抑制性能的主要因素,掌握其各向异性辐射传输特性对遮光罩的杂散光分析和优化设计具有重要意义.针对蜂窝结构单元,建立辐射传输模型,导出了表面双向反射分布函数的离散表达式;通过蒙特卡罗法模拟蜂窝结构单元的辐射传输过程,分析了几何参量和涂层反射率对等效面反射特性的影响;根据模拟所得双向反射分布函数数据库,建立了用于遮光罩杂散光分析的蜂窝结构等效面的反射特性概率模型.分析结果表明,蜂窝结构对杂散光呈现很强的后向散射特征,等效面的反射特性概率模型与直接模拟结果符合很好,可用于遮光罩杂散光分析和设计.     

基于典型目标反射率的近红外场景仿真

利用积分球对近红外增强相机进行了可见、近红外波段的辐射定标,并采用该相机采集了典型目标的可见、近红外图像.利用便携式地物光谱仪采集了相同目标可见、近红外波段的光谱反射率曲线,并分析了目标在可见、近红外波段的光谱反射特性.通过寻找同一天气条件、同一时间段所拍摄的典型目标近红外图像灰度值与可见光图像灰度值及典型目标可见、近红外波段反射率之间的关系,提出一种基于可见光图像及目标反射率反演近红外图像的算法.在近红外图像反演过程中考虑了大气透过率的影响,反演结果表明,本文算法可以较好地体现典型目标近红外图像的全局特征,为后续不同天气条件下近红外场景仿真的实现提供参考.