Experimental investigation of hydrodynamic loads and pressure distribution during a pyramid water entry

In the maritime environment slamming is a phenomenon known as short duration impact of water on a floating or sailing structure. Slamming loads are local and could induce very high local stresses. This paper reports a series of impact test results and investigate the slamming loads and pressures acting on a square based pyramid. In this study the slamming tests have been conducted at constant velocity impact with a hydraulic high speed shock machine. This specific experimental equipment avoids the deceleration of the structure observed usually during water entry with drop tests. Three velocities of the rigid pyramid have been used (10, 13 and 15 m s⁻¹). Time-histories of local pressures, accelerations and slamming loads were successfully measured. The relationship between the pressure magnitude and the impact velocity is obtained and the spatial distribution of pressures on pyramid sides is characterized. The impact velocity was found to have a negligible influence in predicting the maximum pressure coefficient.     

Development of high-definition muon telescopes and muography of the Great Pyramid

Several muon telescopes have been developed in the last years at CEA-Saclay. Benefitting from 15 years of R&D on Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs) and from several recent innovations, these telescopes yield unprecedented resolution for real-time instruments, and allow for high-definition muography imaging. As a first application, three of them were deployed around Khufu's Pyramid from 2015 to 2017, showing very good performance and stability in harsh conditions. They also provided the first-ever detection of internal structures of a pyramid from the outside, and participated in the discovery of a large void above the Grand Gallery.     

分幅相机像面一致性分析及分幅方法改进

为了提高分幅相机的像面一致性,从分孔径和分振幅两种分幅方法的原理出发,分析了物体辐射特性影响像面一致性的原因.基于光纤传像器件匀光作用,提出了一种提高像面一致性的方法,并以棱锥分孔径实现六分幅为例,在LightTools软件中仿真了光纤面板厚度、纤芯直径、光线入射角度等参量对像面一致性的影响.结果表明,当光束主光线在光纤前端的入射角在±15°内变化时,增大光纤面板厚度或减小纤芯直径,可使得六幅像面能量差小于0.3%.基于光纤传像器件的棱锥分幅结构,可有效提高分幅相机的像面一致性.     

深度神经网络和高光谱显微图像的二维材料纳米片识别

近年来,二维材料由于其独特的性质而受到了广泛关注。在制备二维层状晶体的各种方法中,机械剥离法获得的薄层二维材料晶体质量高,适用于基础研究及性能演示。然而用机械剥离法从衬底上获得的材料具有一定的随机性,可能包含了少许相对较厚的部分。实现对这些二维薄层材料有效、快速且智能化的表征有利于促进二维材料性能的进一步研究。提出了一种基于深度学习的表征方法,通过搭建的编解码结构的卷积神经网络语义分割算法,可以根据光学显微镜图像进行分割和快速识别二维材料纳米片。卷积神经网络作为深度学习在图像处理领域中的典型算法,能够对光学显微镜图像中的复杂信息进行特征提取。首先采用机械剥离制备MoS₂纳米片样本,通过光学显微镜采集高光谱图像并对样本进行标记,根据样本的厚度范围标记出不同的区域,对标记后的图像进一步处理,包括图像的颜色校准和剪切操作,得到用于网络训练和测试的数据集。针对光学图像中二维纳米薄片存在的低对比度、碎裂等特点,编码时加入残差结构和金字塔池化模型,有助于特征信息的提取;解码时融合编码路径中提取的浅层特征信息,以提高网络分割精度。实验中采用带权重的交叉熵损失函数解决类别数量不平衡问题和采用数据增强扩大数据集。对训练后的网络测试结果表明,模型像素精度为97.38%,平均像素精度为90.38%,均交并比为75.86%。之后通过迁移学习成功地对剥离的单层和双层石墨烯纳米片样本进行了识别,均交并比达到了81.63%,表明该方法具有普适性。通过MoS₂和石墨烯纳米片的识别演示,实现了深度学习在二维材料的光学显微镜图像中的成功应用。该方法有望在更多的二维材料上得到扩展并突破自动动态处理光学显微镜图像的问题,同时为其他纳米材料的高光谱图像处理提供参考。     

Geometric characterizations of centroids of simplices

We study the centroid of a simplex in space. Primary attention is paid to the relationships among the centroids of the different k-skeletons of a simplex in n-dimensional space. We prove that the 0-dimensional skeleton and the n-dimensional skeleton always have the same centroid. The centroids of the other skeleta are generically different (as we prove), but there are remarkable instances where they coincide in pairs. They never coincide in triples for regular pyramids.     

Angular response characteristic of pyramid shape fast neutron dosimeter using CR-39 films

CR-39 is a highly sensitive etched track detector for neutron monitoring and dosimetry applications but its dose equivalent response is strongly direction dependent with respect to the incident neutrons. This is considered to be a major drawback for their use. In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop a pyramid shaped dosimeter, which consists of polyethylene material of thickness 1 mm with the provision to hold three CR-39 films at an angle of 35° to each other. The response of CR-39 in this configuration under optimum electrochemical etching at elevated temperature have been found nearly angular independent and therefore the dosimeter can be used for neutron monitoring, i.e. personnel as well as area monitoring.     

Blue emission from InGaN/GaN hexagonal pyramid structures

Cathodoluminescence (CL) from InGaN grown on GaN hexagonal pyramid structures has been investigated. The facet structure can be controlled by the growth temperature and reactor pressure. GaN pyramid structures surrounded with facets were grown at 1020 C at a pressure of 500 Torr by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). The indium mole fraction in the InGaN film depends on the facet structure. The thickness of the InGaN and the peak wavelength and intensity of the CL from the InGaN gradually increased from the bottom to the top of the facets.     

Normal polytopes: Between discrete,continuous, and random

The first three sections of this survey represent an updated and much expanded version of the abstract of my talk at FPSAC'2010: new results are incorporated and several concrete conjectures on the interactions between the three perspectives on normal polytopes in the title are proposed. The last section outlines new challenges in general convex polytopes, motivated by the study of normal polytopes.     

基于Contourlet的遥感图像放大与增强

提出一种遥感图像放大和增强的新方法.应用拉普拉斯塔形变换（LP）构建原图像的细节图像,采取双三次插值的方法分别放大原图像和细节图像,并将两个放大后的图像相加后线性处理.经过二级Contourlet分解变换,构造非线性增强函数增强Contourlet系数.最后用原图像取代Contourlet分解变换后的低频子带后重构图像,完成图像的放大和增强.结果表明,此方法能丰富放大后图像的细节,增强效果良好,有效提高放大后遥感图像的空间分辨率.