元素替代对Mg2NiH4释氢性能影响的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论（DFT）的平面波赝势（PWP）方法,研究了元素替代对Mg2NiH4释氢性能的影响. 计算给出了晶胞参数、电子态密度、原子间的键序和生成焓,分析了氢化物的结构稳定性和原子间成键作用之间的关系. 计算结果表明,生成焓的计算值随替代元素M(Ti,V,Cr)的变化趋势和实验测定的结果一致,且Ti的替代较好地降低了Mg2NiH4的结构稳定性,提高了Mg2NiH4的释氢性能. 分析电子结构可得,Ni(h)–H和M–H间的相互作用是影响Mg2NiH4结构稳定性的主要因素,替代元素正是通过改变M–H的相互作用来提高Mg2NiH4的释氢性能.     

Analysis of the LIF Spectroscopy of Nickel Hydride in 19000-21400 cm-1

The laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) excitation spectrum of NiH was recorded in the spectral region from 15000 cm-1 to 21400 cm-1, with the NiH molecules produced by the reaction of sputtered nickel atoms with methanol under supersonic jet conditions. The 19000-21400 cm-1 portion of the spectrum of NiH is reported for the first time. Twenty-four bands were observed and classified into seven electronic transitions. Every band was rotationally analyzed. Higher vibrational levels of many excited states, A, B, D, E, F, and G,were observed and the complete set of spectroscopic parameters, vibrational frequency, unharmonic constant, rotational constant, and equilibrium length of these states were obtained. Some bands were reassigned     

NiH2分子的结构及其势能函数

应用群论及原子分子反应静力学方法推导了NiH2分子基态的电子态及其离解极限,在MP2/6-311G水平上,优化出NiH2(3Δg)分子稳定构型为D∞h,其平衡核间距Re=0.157 3 nm、∠HNiH=180.00°,同时计算出振动频率:对称伸缩振动频率ν1=2 000 cm-1,弯曲振动频率ν2=721 cm-1和反对称伸缩振动频率ν3=1 875 cm-1.在此基础上,使用多体项展式理论方法,导出了基态NiH2分子的全空间解析势能函数,该势能函数准确地再现了NiH2(D∞h)平衡结构.     

Resolved fluorescence spectra of NiH. Electronic structure,electronic energy transfer,and the Zeeman effect in low-lying states

Fourier transform spectra of collisionally induced fluorescence following isotopically selective laser excitation of NiH at ～550?nm have located an excited Ω?=?1/2 state of NiH lying 17900?cm^?1 above the electronic ground state. This is identified as v?=?0 of a ²Π_1/2 state originating from an Ni⁺ 3d⁸4s^{1 2}F configuration. Emission from this Ω′?=?1/2 state occurs predominantly to v″?=?0 and 1 of the ²Σ⁺ and W₂ ²Π_1/2 ligand field states, locating elusive f parity levels of W₂ ²Π_1/2 up to 5600?cm^?1 above the first rotational level of the electronic ground state, X ₁ ²Δ_5/2. Collisionally induced fluorescence following laser excitation at lower energies has also been recorded in the presence of a magnetic field (0.7–1?T), at Doppler limited resolution. Effective Landé factors g _J for rotational levels of the v?=?0 and 1 levels of the low-lying Ω″?=?5/2 and 3/2 components of the ²Δ and ²Π states of NiH have been derived from partially resolved Zeeman patterns. About 1600 transitions recorded in field-free conditions have been reduced to term energies relative to the lowest level of the ground state. They confirm strong spin-orbit mixing between the low-lying ligand-field states.     

化学计量比和放氢背压对LiBH4+xMg2NiH4体系放氢性能的影响

研究了不同化学计量比(x=0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25)和放氢背压(1×10-4和0.4 MPa)对LiBH4+xMg2NiH4复合体系吸放氢性能的影响. 结果表明, 随着化学计量比(x)的增加, 复合体系的放氢温度逐渐降低, 放氢动力学性能得到提高, 但放氢容量逐渐降低; 其中, 在1×10-4和0.4 MPa初始放氢背压下, LiBH4+0.75Mg2NiH4体系具有最佳放氢动力学性能和较高的储氢容量. 结果表明, 放氢背压和化学计量比均会对高温下液相LiBH4 与固态Mg2NiH4 的润湿性产生影响, 进而影响复合体系的放氢路径和放氢动力学性能.     

掺杂元素对Mg2NiH4稳定性影响的第一性原理研究

本文采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一原理赝势平面波(PW-PP)方法,计算了低温相Mg2NiH4和(Mg2Ni,X)H4(X=Ag, Al, Ti或Zr)的生成热及电子结构,分析了掺杂元素对Mg2Ni氢化物稳定性的影响. 结果表明,掺杂导致了合金氢化物生成热的绝对值降低,合金氢化物的稳定性下降,且发现掺杂元素电负性越大,氢化物越不稳定. 从电子态密度图和Mulliken布居数分析知道,掺杂后合金氢化物释氢能力增强的主要原因在于Ni-H之间的成键减弱,以及掺杂元素诱导费米能级EF处电子数浓度N(EF)的增加.     

掺杂元素对Mg2NiH4稳定性影响的第一性原理研究

本文采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一原理赝势平面波(PW-PP)方法,计算了低温相Mg2NiH4和(Mg2Ni,X)H4(X=Ag, Al, Ti或Zr)的生成热及电子结构,分析了掺杂元素对Mg2Ni氢化物稳定性的影响. 结果表明,掺杂导致了合金氢化物生成热的绝对值降低,合金氢化物的稳定性下降,且发现掺杂元素电负性越大,氢化物越不稳定. 从电子态密度图和Mulliken布居数分析知道,掺杂后合金氢化物释氢能力增强的主要原因在于Ni-H之间的成键减弱,以及掺杂元素诱导费米能级EF处电子数浓度N(EF)的增加.     

Analysis of the LIF Spectroscopy of Nickel Hydride in 19000-21400 cm-1

采用放电溅射出的镍原子与甲醇气体在超声射流条件下产生NiH分子,获得了NiH分子在15000~21400 cm-1的激光诱导荧光激发谱．首次报道了NiH分子在19000~21400 cm-1的光谱．将观测到的24个谱带归属到7个不同的电子跃迁,并对每个谱带进行了转动分析．观测到了A、B、D、E、F和G态的高振动能级,得到了这些电子态的振动频率、非谐性常数、转动常数和平衡键长等较完整的光谱常数．并重新标识了一些谱带．