多个磁流变弹性体自调谐式吸振器的联合控制研究

遗传算法是一种自适应、启发式、全局优化的搜索算法,在结构振动控制等复杂控制领域得到了广泛的应用,本文针对磁流变弹性体自调谐式吸振器难以建立准确的控制模型的特点,通过改进基本遗传算法,设计和实现了一种同时控制多个吸振器的联合控制算法,该方法在协调控制时,根据多个吸振器协调控制对控制量的要求采用指定位交叉产生新个体,与通过随机位交叉产生的新个体相比,这样能以较大的概率产生更健壮的新个体,从而使算法更快收敛.将该算法应用到两个吸振器联合控制的实验系统中,在吸振器移频范围内,被减振系统各观测点均有较好的减振效果,当吸振器与主系统质量比为1∶19.8时,减振效果最高约12dB,主被动减振效果之差最佳时达7dB.     

Rapid acquisition technique for MR elastography of the liver

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) of the liver is a novel noninvasive clinical diagnostic tool to stage fibrosis based on measured stiffness. The purpose of this study is to design, evaluate and validate a rapid MRE acquisition technique for noninvasively quantitating liver stiffness which reduces by half the scan time, thereby decreasing image registration errors between four MRE phase offsets. In vivo liver MRE was performed on 16 healthy volunteers and 14 patients with biopsy-proven liver fibrosis using the standard clinical gradient recalled echo (GRE) MRE sequence (MREs) and a developed rapid GRE MRE sequence (MREr) to obtain the mean stiffness in an axial slice. The mean stiffness values obtained from the entire group using MREs and MREr were 2.72 ± 0.85 kPa and 2.7 ± 0.85 kPa, respectively, representing an insignificant difference. A linear correlation of R² = 0.99 was determined between stiffness values obtained using MREs and MREr. Therefore, we can conclude that MREr can replace MREs, which reduces the scan time to half of that of the current standard acquisition (MREs), which will facilitate MRE imaging in patients with inability to hold their breath for long periods.     

磁流变弹性体自调谐式吸振器及其优化控制

本文研制了一种基于磁流变弹性体的自调谐式吸振器，它利用磁流变弹性体这种新型智能材料作为吸振器的弹性元件和阻尼元件，通过外加磁场控制磁流变弹性体的剪切模量来改变吸振器的固有频率，实现吸振器的移频。并将遗传算法改进移植到吸振器，对其进行优化控制。实验结果表明，这种遗传算法具有全局搜索和快速收敛的特点，它能使吸振器快速找到吸振器减振效果最佳点，并且经过优化控制的磁流变弹性体自调谐式吸振器在移频范围内具有很好的减振效果，减振效果最高可达25dB。     

Effects of magnetic particles and carbon black on structure and properties of magnetorheological elastomers

Isotropic magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) consisting of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), carbon black and two different micron-sized iron particles (carbonyl iron powder (CIP) and bare iron powder (BIP)) were prepared for dynamic automotive applications such as tunable engine mounts, vibration absorbers and suspension bushings. The sample that contains 5 phr CIP and 60 phr carbon black has the best tensile strength, elongation at break and elastic modulus and the highest MR effect of 77%. Based on SEM and EDS, homogenous distribution of single CIP and its aggregates of 8 μm and larger BIP aggregates of 15–20 μm were observed with 30 phr loadings of CIP and BIP, respectively. EPDM/carbon black/CIP MREs show significant property improvements compared to EPDM/carbon black/BIP MREs. The system containing CIP particles has substantially lower damping factor, Payne effect, elastic modulus, hardness, aggregation behavior and higher tensile strength and elongation at break values compared to BIP system.     

Diffraction-biased shear wave fields generated with longitudinal magnetic resonance elastography drivers

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a technique for quantifying the acoustic response of biological tissues to propagating waves applied at low frequencies in order to evaluate mechanical properties. Application-specific MRE drivers are typically required to effectively deliver shear waves within the tissue of interest. Surface MRE drivers with transversely oriented vibrations have often been used to directly generate shear waves. These drivers may have disadvantages in certain applications, such as poor penetration depth and inflexible orientation. Therefore, surface MRE drivers with longitudinally oriented vibrations are used in some situations. The purpose of this work was to investigate and optimize a longitudinal driver system for MRE applications. A cone-like hemispherical distribution of shear waves being generated by these drivers and the wave propagation being governed by diffraction in the near field are shown. Using MRE visualization of the vector displacement field, we studied the properties of the shear wave field created by longitudinal MRE drivers of various sizes to identify optimum shear wave imaging planes. The results offer insights and improvements in both experimental design and imaging plane selection for 2-D MRE data acquisition.     

基于双带宽高斯滤波器的磁共振弹性图局域频率估算算法研究与实现

本文对生物体软组织的生物力学模型进行了分析推导和简化,得到了磁共振相位图与生物组织弹性之间的力学关系,根据该关系研究了局域频率估算算法,应用Matlab对算法进行了编程实现,体模弹性图的实现验证了算法有效性,为后续开展临床肝纤维化分级研究奠定基础. 关键词： 磁共振弹性成像 弹性生物力学模型 局域频率估算