食管癌患者指甲的红外光谱研究

利用傅里叶红外光谱对正常人,食管癌患者,食管癌术后5个月者的指甲进行了研究。发现他们指甲的红外光谱在频率,强度,峰形等方面均有差异。主要表现在:食管癌患者νs(PO2-)和νas(PO2-)的振动峰均向高波数偏移,术后者回落;癌患者蛋白质C—O基团峰强度增强,术后者峰强度有所减弱,但仍比正常人强;癌患者角蛋白脂质CH2和CH3伸缩振动峰波数有所下降。术后者介于癌患者与正常人之间;食管癌患者角蛋白脂质CH2和CH3弯曲振动峰稍向高波数偏移,术后者恢复至正常人水平;癌患者酰氨Ⅰ带和Ⅱ带都向低波数偏移,术后者介于两者之间。这些差异是应用红外光谱诊断食管癌的基础,表明FTIR光谱在食管癌的早期诊断和快速诊断方面有着十分美好的前景。     

Scraping sounds and disgusting noises

Thirty-four horrible sounds have been examined in an Internet-based psychoacoustic experiment. This paper presents the results for the scraping and disgusting noises used. It is not understood why some humans find certain scraping noises, such as the sound of fingernails being scraped down a blackboard, so terrible. In this experiment, the variations in ratings with age, gender and location are examined. The results for one of the scraping sounds is consistent with the hypothesis suggested by others, that the response comes from a vestigial reflex related to the warning cries of monkeys. But this was not true for the actual recording of the fingernails scraping down a blackboard. An alternative hypothesis that the response is related to an audio-haptic interaction was tested and results indicated that this idea warrants further investigation. Other possible causes of the response, drawing on work concerning dissonance, are tentatively suggested. The disgusting sounds examined included the worst sound found in the experiment, the sound of someone vomiting. However, none of the disgusting sounds tested promoted responses consistent with a ‘disgust reaction’ based purely on survival instincts. Cultural factors might be important in our response to the disgusting sounds, with the influence of manners and etiquette being suggested as a possible factor.