含甲缩醛柴油喷雾和燃烧排放特性的试验研究

应用激光相位多普勒技术测量了含甲缩醛柴油喷雾的速度场和粒径场,在直喷式柴油机上研究了该含氧混合燃油的燃烧排放特性。结果表明,添加甲缩醛可改善柴油的雾化,增加喷雾轴线上的粒子速度,但减小喷雾锥角;同时以远大于其加入的比例降低柴油机排气烟度,但对氮氧化物的排放影响不大。柴油机采用甲缩醛作燃油添加剂时,需改造燃油系统。     

一种侧视图的三维人脸重建方法

三维形变模型(3D Morphable Model, 3DMM)和从运动中恢复结构(Structure From Motion, SFM)方法被广泛用于三维人脸重建. 基于单视图进行三维人脸重建需要正视图和先验模型, 会受到计算复杂度高、容易陷入局部极小值和易受姿态变化的影响. 本文提出一种针对侧视图的三维人脸重建方法, 首先对侧视图使用改进的三维形变模型, 得到初始的三维人脸正视图及特征点; 然后根据人脸对称性, 得到侧视图对称的视图及对应的面部特征点; 最后用SFM方法将正视图、原始视图和对称视图重建, 得到稀疏三维模型. 并用不同姿态的面部图片对该方法进行了评估, 结果表明该方法比已有的方法对姿态变化更具鲁棒性.     

DMM燃料柴油机可控预混合燃烧的研究

本文介绍了在压燃式发动机上进行的预混合燃烧研究。在柴油机的进气道入口处安装了一个电控燃料喷射系统,喷入具有低十六烷值、低沸点的甲缩醛(DMM)燃料,在压缩冲程中形成均匀的混合气,并在上止点附近喷入少量柴油来点燃混合气。本文研究了预混合燃料比、发动机负荷、进气中CO2浓度和喷孔直径对发动机燃烧和排放的影响。试验结果表明,进气道喷射DMM的预混合燃烧能同时大幅降低NOx和碳烟排放,为降低柴油机有害排放提供了一种新途径。     

Approaching Bounded Rationality: From Quantum Probability to Criticality

The bounded rationality mainstream is based on interesting experiments showing human behaviors violating classical probability (CP) laws. Quantum probability (QP) has been shown to successfully figure out such issues, supporting the hypothesis that quantum mechanics is the central fundamental pillar for brain function and cognition emergence. We discuss the decision-making model (DMM), a paradigmatic instance of criticality, which deals with bounded rationality issues in a similar way as QP, generating choices that cannot be accounted by CP. We define this approach as criticality-induced bounded rationality (CIBR). For some aspects, CIBR is even more satisfactory than QP. Our work may contribute to considering criticality as another possible fundamental pillar in order to improve the understanding of cognition and of quantum mechanics as well.