曲面相机阵列多分辨成像方法

针对现有成像系统因数据冗余而无法兼顾大视场、高分辨、高效性的问题,结合人眼视网膜变分辨成像和并列式复眼成像原理,设计一种多分辨率成像的复合仿生成像系统.该成像系统按照球面和平面兼顾的曲面布局方式,利用11个相机镜头构建相机阵列,组成了四个等级分辨率的子眼拍摄模块.通过物距100 m的远景实验和物距10 m的近景实验发现,该系统在实现高分辨成像的同时,获得总视场达150.8°×37.8°.多分辨率成像实验结果表明,该系统获取的图像的分辨率从中心视场到边缘视场逐渐降低,并且相较于中心清晰全视场成像,四级分辨率成像的拼接图像数据量减少了17.2倍的数据冗余.     

基于激光点云多条件约束的相机检校方法

为了克服相机检校对二维/三维检校场的依赖,提出一种基于激光点云多条件约束的相机检校方法。该方法通过对相机获取的多视影像进行光束法平差获得初始相机参数;利用影像点云与其最邻近的激光点云之间的位置关系,以共线方程为基础模型,建立多条件约束的相机检校数学模型;使用不等式约束的最小二乘方法平差迭代解算相机参数。将本文方法与基于三维控制场的检校精度进行了实验对比分析,结果表明本文方法与基于三维控制场的检校精度相当,两者反投影平均误差相差小于0.1 pixel,验证了本文方法在没有传统检校场的情况下进行相机检校的可行性。     

Quantitative temperature field measurements on a non-gray multi-materials scene by thermoreflectometry

This article addresses the problem of measuring an accurate temperature field on a multi-materials scene composed of two dielectric and one metallic materials. The measurements of thermo-radiative properties demonstrate that the scene exhibit very different emissivity spectra and thermal conductivities inducing high thermal gradients. From these radiative properties, the calculation of the theoretical temperature error of conventional passive methods highlights that a method may be suitable for measuring only one material but no method provides satisfactory measurements of the sets of materials. The proposed method, called thermoreflectometry, performs a simultaneous measurement on all materials thanks to an on-line indirect determination of emissivity based on a bidirectional reflectivity measurement. Its temperature error is compared to that of the selected passive method for each material through an experimental validation on the multi-materials scene. These results highlight the accuracy of thermoreflectometry and shows opening prospects for the on-line temperature control of dynamical processes.     

Rough terrain profiling using digital image correlation

Road profiling is an important aspect of vehicle dynamics simulations especially over rough terrains. The accurate measurement of rough terrains allows for more accurate multi body simulations. Three dimensional road profiles are usually performed by utilising a line scan sensor which measures several points lateral to the road. The sensors range from simple road following wheels to LiDAR sensors. The obtained line scans are longitudinally stitched together using the orientation and position of the sensor to obtain a full three dimensional road profile. The sensor’s position and orientation therefore needs to be accurately determined in order to combine the line scans to create an accurate representation of the terrain. The sensor’s position and orientation is normally measured using an expensive inertial measurement unit or Inertial Navigation System (INS) with high sensitivity, low noise and low drift. This paper proposes a road profiling technique which utilises stereography, based on two inexpensive digital cameras, to obtain three-dimensional measurements of the road. The system negates the use of an expensive INS system to determine orientation and position. The data sets also require subsampling which can be computationally expensive. A simple subsampling routine is presented which takes advantage of the structure of the data sets to significantly speed up the process.     

近景大视场角分区域标定方法研究

针对飞行试验测量视场大相机标定精度低的问题,提出一种高精度CCD相机分区域标定方法。该方法首先通过将标靶均匀布置在摄像机视场内,使得标靶尽可能均匀错落地充满整个视场范围,再结合人眼判读的方式求解靶标的像面位置,最终与全站仪三维坐标形成精确的空间标定点集。接着,将像平面按横向方向等间距分割成Ｎ个区域,并结合后方交会的方法分别对每个子区域进行相机参数的计算。实验结果表明：经过分区域标定,相机采集点的总误差比单区域标定法降低了4％(Ｎ＝3)。算法可实现指定区域的相机参数计算,基本满足中高等精度的工业测量要求。所本文研究可应用于位置相对固定不变的工业视觉测量,特别是大工件测量领域。     

A.第十九届国际高速摄影和光子学会议概况

本文对第19届国际高速摄影与光子学会议做了简介,主要谈到了光机式相机、高速视频技术、全息和干涉计量。     

高清医用电子内窥镜微型CMOS摄像模组

研发并报道一个全新的130万像素电子内窥镜微型摄像模组.该模组采用低压差分信号技术实现图像数据的长距离高保真传输,它包括一个1/5.5英寸、分辨率为1 280×1 024像素的CMOS图像传感器,一个视场角为140°的小型镜头以及2个电路板.小型镜头座直接粘合到图像传感器的非光学窗口部分,两块印刷电路板垂直装配,使模组的尺寸缩小到长宽高分别为15.0 mm、5.5 mm、5.2 mm的空间.编码芯片将并行数字信号编码成低压差分信号经双绞线传出模组.搭建了实验系统并对摄像模组的实践性能进行评价.实验表明:模组分辨率达到136 lp·mm-1,图像传输距离达到2 m以上.紧凑的结构、高清分辨率图像、大视场和长传输距离使其适用于内窥镜诊治,特别是高清胃镜和结肠镜.     

高分辨率空间相机的工程分析

以大型结构设计软件SolidEdge建立了高分辨率空间相机的精确的几何模型, 在此基础上用大型有限元分析软件MSC.Patran建立了相机的有限元模型, 并利用MSC/Nastran对该相机整机进行了工程分析. 其计算结果与试验结果相差10%以内.     

红外单站被动定位技术速度更新算法研究

针对红外单站被动定位技术中空中机动目标的运动速度不断变化这一实际情况,提出了一种基于红外相机运动特性的对目标的运动速度进行实时更新的校正算法.该算法克服了大多基于匀速直线运动这一空间模型的红外单站被动定位方案目标速度不变的缺点,客观地反映了空中机动目标的实际运动状况,不仅能对目标的运动速度进行实时准确的更新校正,而且可推演出一种新的红外单站被动定位算法,对推动红外单站被动定位技术的工程实用化进程具有重要的意义.     

基于改进Harris角点算法的摄像机标定技术研究

针对传统的Harris焦点提取算法对噪声敏感,执行效率低等不足,提出了一种改进的Harris焦点提取方法。以Harris焦点提取算法为基础,通过优化角点响应函数,消除系数 K,提高焦点提取算法的执行效率。采用改进的 Harris 算法对黑白棋盘表格进行内角点提取,利用张正友摄像机标定法计算USB摄像机的内外参数。实验结果证明了该方法可以有效的对黑白棋盘格内角点进行提取,准确高效,提高了摄像机的标定精度和准确性,是一种可行的摄像机标定方法。