New application of human eye model in the verification of spot diagram with refractive diopter

In response to the rapid advancement of auto-refractor technology, most optometry shops provide refraction services. Despite their speed and convenience, the measurement values provided by auto-refractors include a significant degree of error due to psychological and physical factors. Therefore, there is a need for repetitive testing to obtain a smaller mean error value. However, even repetitive testing itself might not be sufficient to ensure accurate measurements. Therefore, research on a method of measurement that can complement auto-refractor measurements and provide confirmation of refraction results needs to be conducted. The customized optometry model described herein can satisfy the above requirements. From the existing optical technologies, using human eye measurement devices to obtain individual relevant optical feature parameters is no longer difficult. These parameters allow us to construct an optometry model for individual eyeballs. They also allow us to compute spot diagrams produced from the optometry model using the CODE V macro programming language before recognizing the geometrical spot diagram with the back-propagation neural network algorithm to obtain the accurate refractive diopter. Results show that the accuracy achieved was above 98% and that this application could significantly enhance the service quality of refraction.     

Hybrid evolutionary algorithms in a SVR traffic flow forecasting model

Accurate urban traffic flow forecasting is critical to intelligent transportation system developments and implementations, thus, it has been one of the most important issues in the research on road traffic congestion. Due to complex nonlinear data pattern of the urban traffic flow, there are many kinds of traffic flow forecasting techniques in literature, thus, it is difficult to make a general conclusion which forecasting technique is superior to others. Recently, the support vector regression model (SVR) has been widely used to solve nonlinear regression and time series problems. This investigation presents a SVR traffic flow forecasting model which employs the hybrid genetic algorithm-simulated annealing algorithm (GA-SA) to determine its suitable parameter combination. Additionally, a numerical example of traffic flow data from northern Taiwan is used to elucidate the forecasting performance of the proposed SVRGA-SA model. The forecasting results indicate that the proposed model yields more accurate forecasting results than the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), back-propagation neural network (BPNN), Holt-Winters (HW) and seasonal Holt-Winters (SHW) models. Therefore, the SVRGA-SA model is a promising alternative for forecasting traffic flow.     

基于工业分析/元素分析和可见-近红外光谱预测农作物秸秆高位热值

越来越多的农作物秸秆用于生产生物质成型燃料(生物质颗粒),作为民用和工业锅炉的生物质燃料。高位热值是衡量生物质燃料燃烧性能的主要参数之一,反映了生物质可用能含量,但利用传统的氧弹分析法测试高位热值费时费力,急需一种快速准确的方法评估农作物秸秆的高位热值,以制备高质量的生物质颗粒燃料。基于工业分析/元素分析和可见-近红外光谱分析,对比分析了五种农作物秸秆(稻秸、麦秸、棉秆、油菜秆和玉米秆)的高位热值预测模型。首先,利用多元线性回归(MLR)、逐步回归(SWR)和反向传播人工神经网络(BPNN)模型,在基于五种农作物秸秆工业分析和元素分析基础上,提出了高位热值预测模型并进行验证。MLR模型具有较好的相关系数(R2),预测均方根误差(RMSEP)和预测标准差与参比标准差比值(RPD),分别为0.921 1,0.135 1和3.49。此外,利用可见-近红外光谱分析了农作物秸秆,发现对光谱数据作最小二乘法回归(PLR),可建立高位热值预测模型,预测R2和RMSEP分别为0.881 2和0.412 9。研究结果表明MLR模型和PLR模型分别适用于基于工业分析/元素分析和可见-近红外光谱建模,对农作物秸秆的高位热值快速检测设备研发能提供基础模型支持。     

Application of neural networks with novel independent component analysis methodologies for the simultaneous determination of cadmium,copper, and lead using an ISE array

The paper introduces a novel chemometric strategy based on independent component analysis (ICA) coupled with a back‐propagation neural network. In this approach, one of the most popular ICA methods, the fast fixed‐point algorithm for ICA (fastICA), was implemented by the genetic algorithm (geneticICA) to avoid the local maxima problem commonly observed with fastICA. As a case study, an ion‐selective electrode (ISE) array, consisting of three working electrodes and one reference electrode, was used for the simultaneous determination of three heavy metals (cadmium, copper, and lead) in aqueous solutions, which are normally prone to severe interferences. The robustness and appropriateness of the approach were assessed using the average mean of relative error (MRE) of triplicated external validation. After configuration and optimization, the average MRE for Cu was <5%. For the determination of Cd and Pb, whose ISEs normally cannot tolerate Cu ions even at the microgram per liter levels, the MREs were 8%. This article demonstrated that this approach can be applied to the detection of heavy metal contamination in industrial wastewater with prediction accuracies comparable with other popular quantitative chemometric neural network methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于主成分分析和BP神经网络的柑橘黄龙病诊断技术

柑橘黄龙病的传统诊断方法主要依赖于人眼经验及生化技术,前者凭经验,诊断快,但准确性低;后者准确性高,但效率低和成本高.本文采用高光谱成像技术,获取5种症状柑橘叶片的高光谱图像,采用基于主成分分析和BP神经网络相结合的方法,对370~988nm波段范围内的柑橘叶片高光谱图像进行了病状的无损检测.研究结果表明,柑橘叶片的高光谱图像存在很大冗余,前四个主成分累积方差贡献率达到97.42%.数据建模分类得表明:BP神经网络的分类准确率达85%以上,经主成分后再利用BP神经网络的分类准确率绝大部分达到90%以上.因此,利用高光谱成像技术进行柑橘黄龙病的早期诊断具有较高的可行性.     

Scanner color management model based on improved back-propagation neural network

Scanner color management is one of the key techniques for color reproduction in information optics. A new scanner color management model is presented based on analyzing rendering principle of scanning objects. In this model, a standard color target is taken as experimental sample. Color blocks in color shade area are used to substitute complete color space to solve the difficulties in selecting experimental color blocks. Immune genetic algorithm is used to correct back-propagation neural network （BPNN） to speed up the convergence of the model. Experimental results show that the model can improve the accuracy of scanner color management.     

基于电磁仿真的粗糙面上二维目标参数反演

针对海洋(或陆地)环境中目标电磁逆散射问题开展研究,建立了粗糙面上简单导体目标的电磁散射模型,通过精确的电磁散射建模得到散射回波数据,包括空间分布采样和频率采样,再分别应用BP神经网络(BPNN)和支持向量机(SVM)两种方法反演粗糙面上二维导体目标的特征几何尺寸.在粗糙面上圆柱几何参数反演以及海上舰船尺寸反演过程中需要考虑粗糙面的随机性,因此对散射数据进行了多次统计,实现了随机粗糙面上方目标的特征参数重构.     

Extending the working calibration ranges of four hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in gas chromatography-electron capture detector by radial basis function neural network

A radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) method was developed for the first time to model the nonlinear calibration curves of four hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, aiming to extend their working calibration ranges in gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Other 14 methods, including seven parametric curve fitting methods, two nonparametric curve fitting methods, and five other artificial neural network (ANN) methods, were also developed and compared. Only the RBFNN method, with logarithm-transform and normalization operation on the calibration data, was able to model the nonlinear calibration curves of the four HCH isomers adequately. The RBFNN method accurately predicted the concentrations of HCH isomers within and out of the linear ranges in certified test samples. Furthermore, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between the results of HCH isomers concentrations in water samples calculated with RBFNN method and ordinary least squares (OLS) method (R² > 0.9990). Conclusively, the working calibration ranges of the four HCH isomers were extended from 0.08-60 ng/ml to 0.08-1000 ng/ml without sacrificing accuracy and precision by means of RBFNN. The outstanding nonlinear modeling capability of RBFNN, along with its universal applicability to various problems as a “soft” modeling method, should make the method an appealing alternative to traditional modeling methods in the calibration analyses of various systems besides the GC-ECD.