限域量子态调控研究

电子、激子和声子等量子态在固体中的行为早已被人们所熟知. 然而，当体系的尺寸只有纳米量级的时候，已有的固体理论常常不能适用，需要新的低维物理理论的建立. 我们系统研究了低维体系限域量子态（包括电子、激子和声子）的行为对环境、应力、压力及光的响应和性质的调控. 较早认识到低维体系之显著的表面-体积比对量子态性质调控之有效性，系统地揭示了低维体系的一系列由表面和应力决定的新颖性质，证明了低维体系的表面和应力效应同量子限域效应同等重要. 本文概况了如下五个方面的结果：（1）一种使用应力效应调控电子能带结构的方法和（2）一种使用表面效应调控电子能带结构的方法（这两个方法都可将低维体系能带从间接能隙调控至直接能隙能带结构）；（3）一种低维体系表面掺杂方法，该方法将在低维体系掺杂中取代传统方法；（4）量子点表面诱导的光致异构现象；（5）基于表面自催化半导体低维结构的形成机理. 希望我们的研究工作有助于促进低维体系在光电子、纳电子、环境、能源、生物和医学等领域的应用.     

基于量子Fisher信息测量的实验多体纠缠刻画

量子Fisher信息在量子度量与量子信息领域的研究中至关重要,然而在实验中的提取却十分棘手,尤其是对于大尺度的量子系统.这里我们发展了利用测量量子态间重叠的方式来高效提取量子Fisher信息的方法,对于纯态而言,这种方法只需要在量子系统中引入一个额外的辅助比特并施加单次测量即可实现.相对于以往的量子Fisher信息提取方法,需要更少由测量带来的时间资源消耗,因此高效且具有扩展性.我们将这种方法应用于经历量子相变的三体相互作用系统中多体纠缠的刻画,并使用核磁共振量子模拟器实验展示了该方案的可行性.     

用约瑟夫森电荷比特系统实现一种特殊量子态的传输

构造了一种约瑟夫森电荷量子比特电路系统,并研究了四量子位态在该系统中的传输特性.对均匀与非均匀传输通道两种情形分别讨论了怎样通过控制外加磁通来实现激发态 1〉从第一量子位到第四量子位的理想传输.此外还分析了量子态在该系统中传输时的平均保真度,结果表明该系统不能传输一个任意态. 关键词： 量子态传输 约瑟夫森电荷比特     

Evolutionarily Stable Strategies in Quantum Hawk-Dove Game

We quantize the Hawk-Dove game by using the most general form of a pure initial state to investigate the existence of pure and mixed evolutionarily stable strategies （ESS）. An example is considered to draw a comparison between the classical and quantum version of the game. Our choice of the most general initial quantum state enables us to make the game symmetric or asymmetric. We show that for a particular set of game parameters where there exists only mixed ESS in the classical version of the game, quantization allows even a pure strategy to be an ESS for the symmetric game in addition to mixed ESS. On the other hand only pure strategy ESS can exist for the asymmetric quantum version of the Hawk-Dove game.     

用气室法研究分子反应动力学的新进展

介绍了研究分子反应动力学的两大主要实验方法之一的气室法、在研究有热原子参与的反应所取得的新进展，讲述了此方法“新用”的理论依据及相应的实验条件，至此，可以获得对分子反应动力学更精细的信息，例如，态－态分辨的微分反应截面，并对两大方法进行了“现代”对比。还对两方法的发展前景作了适度的分析。     

On Estimation of Fully Entangled Fraction

We study the fully entangled fraction （FEF） of arbitrary mixed states. New upper bounds of FEF are derived. These upper bounds make complements on the estimation of the value of FEF. For weakly mixed quantum states, an upper bound is shown to be very tight to the exact value of FEF.     

High entanglement generation and high fidelity quantum state transfer in a non-Markovian environment

This paper analyses a system of two independent qubits off-resonantly coupled to a common non-Markovian reservoir at zero temperature. Compared with the results in Markovian reservoirs, we find that much higher values of entanglement can be obtained for an initially factorized state of the two-qubit system. The maximal value of the entanglement increases as the detuning grows. Moreover, the entanglement induced by non-Markovian environments is more robust against the asymmetrical couplings between the two qubits and the reservoir. Based on this system, we also show that quantum state transfer can be implemented for arbitrary input states with high fidelity in the non-Markovian regime rather than the Markovian case in which only some particular input states can be successfully transferred.     

Using a quantum dot system to realize perfect state transfer

There are some disadvantages to Nikolopoulos et al.'s protocol [Nikolopoulos G M, Petrosyan D and Lambropoulos P 2004 Europhys. Lett. 65 297] where a quantum dot system is used to realize quantum communication. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose a protocol that uses a quantum dot array to construct a four-qubit spin chain to realize perfect quantum state transfer (PQST). First, we calculate the interaction relation for PQST in the spin chain. Second, we review the interaction between the quantum dots in the Heitler-London approach. Third, we present a detailed program for designing the proper parameters of a quantum dot array to realize PQST.     

Truncated States Obtained by Iteration

We introduce the concept of truncated states obtained via iterative processes （TSI） and study its statistical features, making an analogy with dynamical systems theory （DST）. As a specific example, we have studied TSI for the doubling and the logistic functions, which are standard functions in studying chaos. TSI for both the doubling and logistic functions exhibit certain similar patterns when their statistical features are compared from the point of view of DST.