黑洞问题例析

上世纪70年代霍金提出了黑洞蒸发理论,这不仅从根本上改变了人们对黑洞的认识观念,也使人们对黑洞产生了一些全新的认识,黑洞问题也成为当今世界最具有挑战性、也最让人激动的研究课题之一.     

从乌龟坐标在动态Vaidya黑洞上的推广谈起

从一类参数未定的一般形式的乌龟坐标变换出发, 找出了在动态Vaidya黑洞背景下能将波动方程化为标准形式且无发散的乌龟坐标所满足的条件. 结果表明, 以乌龟坐标变换为主要特征的Damour-Ruffini方法, 用来计算动态黑洞的Hawking辐射时, 只适用于事件视界, 无法应用于表观视界.     

广义测不准关系与Reissner Nordstrom de Sitter黑洞熵

针对Reissner Nordstrom de Sitter时空背景，利用经广义测不准关系改进的薄层brick wall方法计算了黑洞熵。结果表明，由这种方法得到的黑洞熵上限与它的外视界和宇宙视界面积之和成正比，和人们预期的结果相符。从中揭示了黑洞 熵与视界面积之间的内在联系，也进一步表明了黑洞熵是视界面上量子态的熵，是一种量子效应。由广义测不准关系的引入看到，brick wall方法与引力场量子化可能存在着一些内在的联系。     

一般球对称带电蒸发黑洞的熵

从一般球对称带电蒸发黑洞的时空线元和零曲面方程出发,得到了该黑洞的视界;利用KleinGordon方程求得波数,进而采用WenzelKramersBrillouin近似方法和薄膜brickwall模型,求出了一般球对称带电蒸发黑洞的熵,所得的熵正好与该黑洞的视界面积成正比 关键词： 黑洞 KleinGordon方程 熵 薄膜brickwall模型 视界     

从万花筒到组合镜面的成像规律

 万花筒,是许多人都曾经玩过的玩具,那其中复杂却又充满规律性的图影曾让我们浮想联翩。其中有哪些规律呢?这似乎是一个非常有趣的问题。     

黑洞的“解剖学”

 1915年,36岁的爱因斯坦创立了广义相对论.我们不妨说,这种关于时空与引力的崭新理论的精髓乃是:物质告诉其周围的时空如何弯曲;弯曲的时空则告诉其中的物质如何运动.这两句话的前一句说的是:在离任何质量(即引力源)都极其遥远的地方,时空是平坦的;但当你趋近一个大质量的物体(即强引力源)时,你就会发现那里的时空曲率在逐渐增大,引力场越强,时空的弯曲也越显著.第二句话说的是:在弯曲的时空中,物体总是沿着有可能遵循的各种路径中的最短者运行,犹如在平坦时空中物体永远沿直线行进一般.     

The quantum nonthermal radiation and horizon surface gravity of an arbitrarily accelerating black hole with electric charge and magnetic charge

Using a new tortoise coordinate transformation,we discuss the quantum nonthermal radiation characteristics near an event horizon by studying the Hamilton-Jacobi equation of a scalar particle in curved space-time,and obtain the event horizon surface gravity and the Hawking temperature on that event horizon.The results show that there is a crossing of particle energy near the event horizon.We derive the maximum overlap of the positive and negative energy levels.It is also found that the Hawking temperature of a black hole depends not only on the time,but also on the angle.There is a problem of dimension in the usual tortoise coordinate,so the present results obtained by using a correct-dimension new tortoise coordinate transformation may be more reasonable.     

Radiation energy flux of Dirac field of static spherically symmetric black holes

By the statistical entropy of the Dirac field of the static spherically symmetric black hole, the result is obtained that the radiation energy flux of the black hole is proportional to the quartic of the temperature of its event horizon. That is, the thermal radiation of the black hole always satisfies the generalised Stenfan--Boltzmann law. The derived generalised Stenfan--Boltzmann coefficient is no longer a constant. When the cut-off distance and the thin film thickness are both fixed, it is a proportional coefficient related to the space--time metric near the event horizon and the average radial effusion velocity of the radiation particles from the thin film. Finally, the radiation energy fluxes and the radiation powers of the Schwarzschild black hole and the Reissner--Nordstrõm black hole are derived, separately.     

动态广义球对称含荷黑洞对Dirac粒子的热辐射

分析讨论动态广义球对称含荷黑洞视界附近的狄拉克方程,准确地定出了动态广义球对称含荷黑洞的Hawking温度和辐射谱,同时计算出事件视界方程,所得结果与用零曲面方程得到的结果一致。