基于延迟时间理论的两部件并联系统检测区间模型

延迟时间理论广泛应用于系统维修领域,更为细致和准确的反映了系统的运行状态,对于系统的维修建模及确定系统的检测区间起到了重要的作用.但是,以往关于延迟时间理论的应用几乎都是关于单部件系统或串联系统的,而并联系统在实际中也有很广泛的应用.应用延迟时间理论对两部件并联系统的检测区间进行研究,在部件缺陷发生的初始时间为非指数分布的情况下,提出了两种不同的维修措施,并以单位时间期望维修费用最小为目的,对每一种维修措施分别进行研究.文章最后给出了数值案例及模拟运算结果,并对未来的工作做了展望.     

等离子体中活性粒子分析及化学动力学机理

利用发射光谱测量技术分析了介质阻挡放电等离子体激励空气产生的主要活性粒子,利用零维等离子体动力学模型模拟了甲烷/空气中放电阶段主要活性粒子的演化规律,并通过敏感性与化学路径分析研究了O原子影响甲烷点火过程的化学动力学机理。研究表明:空气中介质阻挡放电等离子体主要产生N2和O2的激发态粒子,激发态粒子的数密度随着电压的增加而增大;激发态粒子经过一系列物理化学反应最终转化成若干自由基,其中O原子的摩尔分数最大;O原子缩短甲烷点火延迟时间一个量级,原因在于添加O原子后甲基(CH3)的氧化途径由自点火过程中的经O2直接氧化为CH3O和CH2O转变为经HO2和O原子氧化为CH3O和CH2O,由于后者的基元反应速率快,因而明显缩短了点火延迟时间。     

含有本征SiGe层的SiGe异质结双极晶体管集电结耗尽层宽度模型

本文分别建立了含有本征SiGe层的SiGe HBT(异质结双极晶体管)集电结耗尽层各区域的电势、电场分布模型,并在此基础上,建立了集电结耗尽层宽度和延迟时间模型,对该模型进行了模拟仿真,定量地分析了SiGe HBT物理、电学参数对集电结耗尽层宽度和延迟时间的影响,随着基区掺杂浓度和集电结反偏电压的提高,集电结耗尽层延迟时间也随之增大,而随着集电区掺杂浓度的提高和基区Ge组分增加,集电结耗尽层延迟时间随之减小. 关键词： SiGe HBT 集电结耗尽层 延迟时间     

Stochastic Resonance in a Time-Delayed Mono-Stable System with Multiplicative and Additive Noise

The stochastic resonance （SR） in a time-delayed mono-stable system driven by multiplicative white noise, additive white noise, additive dichotomous noise as well as a periodic square-wave signal is considered from the view of the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）. It is found that the SNR increases monotonically with the increase of the delay time. The SNR exhibits the SR behavior when it is plotted as a function of intensities of the noises, displaying the asymmetry of the dichotomous noise. The SNR varies non-monotonically with the increase of the system parameter and the amplitude of the input square-wave signal.     

基于等概率符号分析方法计算互信息确定延迟时间

用互信息函数确定混沌时间序列相空间重构最佳延迟时间.针对常规符号分析方法计算互信息准确度不高的缺陷,提出等概率符号分析方法计算互信息,即对时间序列按值域大小重排列,再对重排后的序列进行等概率分割,分割的组数由分组经验公式确定,然后取每组的边界值组成符号分析方法的临界点集合进行计算.通过对Lorenz方程和强迫Brusselator振子进行仿真实验,得到的最佳延时与Fraser等概率分格子法得到的结果一致,而算法上更容易实现,证明方法有效.     

正十一烷/空气在宽温度范围下着火延迟的激波管研究

在加热激波管上测量了气相正十一烷/空气混合物的着火延迟时间,着火温度为宽温度范围731-1399 K,着火压力在2.02 × 10⁵和10.10 × 10⁵ Pa附近,化学计量比分别为0.5、1.0和2.0。通过监测管侧壁观测点处的反射激波压力和OH^*发射光测出着火延迟时间。实验结果显示：在910 K以上,着火延迟时间随着火温度的降低而变长,从910到780 K,着火延迟时间随着火温度的降低而变短（显示出了负温度系数效应）,在780 K以下,着火延迟时间随着火温度的降低再次变长。在所研究的压力下,着火压力的增加使着火时间变短。化学计量比对着火延迟的影响在着火压力为2.02 × 10⁵和10.10 × 10⁵ Pa时是不同的,与在高温区相比,着火延迟在低温区对化学计量比非常敏感。在整个温度范围内,当前实验结果和LLNL（LawrenceLivermore National Laboratory）机理的预测值表现出了很好的一致性。现在的正十一烷/空气的着火数据和先前实验测量的正庚烷/空气、正癸烷/空气和正十二烷/空气的着火延迟时间相比较显示了着火延迟时间随着直链烷碳原子数的增加而减小。敏感度分析显示,高、低温条件下影响正十一烷着火延迟过程的反应是显著不同的。在高温条件下起最大促进作用的反应是H + O₂=O+OH,然而在低温条件下,起最大促进作用的反应是过氧十一烷基（C₁₁H₂₃O₂）的异构化反应。本文研究首次提供了正十一烷/空气的激波管着火延迟时间。     

温度压力对瓦斯爆炸危险性影响的实验研究

为了研究瓦斯的爆炸危险性,选取对其影响较大的初始温度和初始压力进行实验研究。运用特殊环境20 L爆炸特性测试系统,对不同初始温度(25~200 ℃)和初始压力(0.1~1.0 MPa)条件下瓦斯的爆炸极限、最大爆炸压力和点火延迟时间进行实验研究。结果表明:高温高压条件使瓦斯的爆炸上限升高、下限降低,爆炸极限范围扩大;随着初始温度升高,瓦斯爆炸的最大爆炸压力逐渐减小;初始温度越高,点火延迟时间越短。通过对实验结果的分析,运用安全原理知识和危险度定义,给出初步评估瓦斯爆炸危险性的方法。     

煤油裂解产物/空气与煤油/空气在宽温度范围内点火延迟的对比研究

Kerosene is an ideal endothermic hydrocarbon. Its pyrolysis plays a significant role in the thermal protection for high-speed aircraft. Before it reacts, kerosene experiences thermal decomposition in the heat exchanger and produces cracked products. Thus, to use cracked kerosene instead of pure kerosene, knowledge of their ignition properties is needed. In this study, ignition delay times of cracked kerosene/air and kerosene/air were measured in a heated shock tube at temperatures of 657–1333 K, an equivalence ratio of 1.0, and pressures of 1.01 × 10⁵–10.10 × 10⁵ Pa. Ignition delay time was defined as the time interval between the arrival of the reflected shock and the occurrence of the steepest rise of excited-state CH species (CH*) emission at the sidewall measurement location. Pure helium was used as the driver gas for high-temperature measurements in which test times needed to be shorter than 1.5 ms, and tailored mixtures of He/Ar were used when test times could reach up to 15 ms. Arrhenius-type formulas for the relationship between ignition delay time and ignition conditions (temperature and pressure) were obtained by correlating the measured high-temperature data of both fuels. The results reveal that the ignition delay times of both fuels are close, and an increase in the pressure or temperature causes a decrease in the ignition delay time in the high-temperature region (> 1000 K). Both fuels exhibit similar high-temperature ignition delay properties, because they have close pressure exponents (cracked kerosene: τ_ign∝P^-0.85; kerosene:τ_ign∝P^-0.83) and global activation energies (cracked kerosene: E_a = 143.37 kJ·mol^-1; kerosene: E_a = 144.29 kJ·mol^-1). However, in the low-temperature region (< 1000 K), ignition delay characteristics are quite different. For cracked kerosene/air, while the decrease in the temperature still results in an increase in the ignition delay time, the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) of ignition delay does not occur, and the low-temperature ignition data still can be correlated by an Arrhenius-type formula with a much smaller global activation energy compared to that at high temperatures. However, for kerosene/air, this NTC phenomenon was observed, and the Arrhenius-type formula fails to correlate its low-temperature ignition data. At temperatures ranging from 830 to 1000 K, the cracked kerosene ignites faster than the kerosene; at temperatures below 830 K, kerosene ignition delay times become much shorter than those of cracked kerosene. Surrogates for cracked kerosene and kerosene are proposed based on the H/C ratio and average molecular weight in order to simulate ignition delay times for cracked kerosene/air and kerosene/air. The simulation results are in fairly good agreement with current experimental data for the two fuels at high temperatures (> 1000 K). However, in the low-temperature NTC region, the results are in very good agreement with kerosene ignition delay data but disagree with cracked kerosene ignition delay data. The comparison between experimental data and model predictions indicates that refinement of the reaction mechanisms for cracked kerosene and kerosene is needed. These test results are helpful to understand ignition properties of cracked kerosene in developing regenerative cooling technology for high-speed aircraft.     

Average consensus of multi-agent systems with communication time delays and noisy links

In this paper,we consider the average-consensus problem with communication time delays and noisy links.We analyze two different cases of coupling topologies:fixed and switching topologies.By utilizing the stability theory of the stochastic differential equations,we analytically show that the average consensus could be achieved almost surely with the perturbation of noise and the communication time delays even if the time delay is time-varying.The theoretical results show that multi-agent systems can tolerate relatively large time delays if the noise is weak,and they can tolerate relatively strong noise if the time delays are low.The simulation results show that systems with strong noise intensities yield slow convergence.     

Mechanism Construction and Simulation for High-temperature Combustion of n-Propylcyclohexane

A detailed mechanism covering 545 species and 3105 reactions for high-temperature combustion of n-propylcyclohexane（n-PCH）, generated via a mechanism generation program（ReaxGen） developed by our research group, was validated in this study. A semi-detailed mechanism involved with 195 species and 573 reactions and a skeletal mechanism concerned with 108 species and 393 reactions were obtained by means of rate-of-production analysis and path flux analysis（PFA）, respectively. In order to validate the reliability of these mechanisms, ignition delay time, laminar flame speed and concentration profiles of important species were simulated with the help of CHEMKIN software. Numerically predicted results of our mechanisms are in very good agreement with available experimental data. Finally, major reaction pathways of n-PCH combustion and important reactions during the combustion process were investigated by reaction pathway analysis and sensitivity analysis, respectively. The results indicate that these mechanisms are reliable for describing the auto-ignition characteristics of n-PCH. These mechanisms would also be helpful to computational fluid dynamics（CFD） for engine design. Moreover, this systematic approach used in our study, which combines mechanism construction, simplification, validation and analysis for n-PCH, may also be employed to construct mechanisms for the high-temperature combustion of other cycloalkanes with one ring.