钙钛矿型La_((1 x)/2)Sr_((1-x)/2)Co_(1-x)Cu_xO_3催化CO氧化活性与表征

研究了钙钛矿型LaSrCoCu_xO_3催化剂对CO氧化反应的催化活性及其表面氧的催化作用．结果表明，x＝0．4的催化剂对CO氧化具有最高催化活性，常压及本实验条件下CO完全氧化的最低温度为168℃；催化剂均为氧缺陷化合物，吸附于表面晶格氧缺陷上的吸附氧是CO氧化反应的活性氧物种；并发现催化剂中存在有非常价态的C04 ，认为CO氧化反应是通过吸附氧调变Co3 和Co4 价态而进行．     

Cu（I）/Diamine-catalyzed Aryl-alkyne Coupling Reactions

Arylalkynes are important building blocks for the synthesis of natural products,pharmaceuticals,and artificial molecular devices1.They are often synthesized via the Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions between aryl halides and terminal alkynes2,3.Unfortunately,it remains difficult to apply the Sonogashira reaction to industrial scale and/or pharmaceutical synthesis,due to the high cost of Pd and the difficulty in removing the toxic Pd residues from the reaction products.Thus it is wor…     

非放射性多碘标记-偶合催化反应的极谱免疫分析研究

提出非放射性多碘标记-偶合催化反应的极谱免疫分析新体系,该体系以人白蛋白(HSA)作模型抗原,用含4个非放射性碘有机化合物藻红B(EB)经一步化学反应标记HSA.该标记方法简便,条件温和.所得标记物中EB:HSA摩尔比为12:1.用本方法获得的标记蛋白质含碘量远高于其它现有方法.利用标记的含碘抗原对As(Ⅲ)-Ce(Ⅳ)反应的催化作用,用极谱法检测底物中 As(Ⅲ)量变化,建立了异相竞争极谱免疫分析新方法.HSA可测浓度范围为1～200μg/mL,检测限为0.66μg/mL.提出的新体系也适用于其他蛋白质的免疫分析.     

硫胺的燐光研究

硫胺无燐光，在碱中氧化后才产生燐光。 λ激发＝３００ｎｍ，λ发射＝４１０ ｎｍ，燐光寿命为１．３ｓ．硫胺燐光受溶剂极性影响甚小，１５种金属离子中只有铜离子可增强流胺燐光，寿命变短为 ０． ９４ ｓ，但不影响燐光光谱。在开始３０ｍｉｎ内有ＣｕＳＯ４的作用较快，以后逐渐变慢，到 ４ｈ后达平衡与不用ＣｕＳＯ４的燐光相近，启示ＣｕＳＯ４具有催化硫胺的氧化作用，建立了硫胺的燐光分析方法，用于两种维生素Ｂ１片的分析，分别为９８．５％与９８％。     

FER分子筛Lewis酸中心对异丁烯催化转化的影响

采用不同浓度六氟硅酸铵(AHFS)对FER型分子筛进行同晶置换改性,制备了一系列具有不同酸类型、酸密度及可接近性等特征的改性FER分子筛样品,运用XRD、N2吸附-脱附等温线等方法对其织构性质进行表征,通过NH3TPD和Py-FTIR关联改性FER分子筛的酸性质,并结合反应评价系统探究了改性FER分子筛酸中心与丁烯(1...     

自催化型石墨烯-金纳米探针的制备及用于非小细胞肺癌CYFRA21-1电化学检测

早期诊断对提高肺癌患者生活质量和延长生存期至关重要。本研究通过热解柠檬酸与谷氨酰胺的混合物得到谷氨酰胺功能化石墨烯量子点(Gln-GQD),所制备的Gln-GQD与HAuCI₄反应形成Gln-GQD/Au复合物。Gln-GQD作为还原剂将Au³⁺转化为Au⁰,最终形成Au纳米晶体。Gln-GQD还作为稳定剂被固定于Au纳米晶体的表面,从而实现Gln-GQD与Au的杂交。扫描电镜、透射电镜、X-射线衍射和红外光谱分析表明,Gln-GQD/Au平均粒径为(31.2±0.15) nm,具有立方金的晶体结构,Au和N元素均匀分布于球形粒子表面,含有丰富的OH、NH、COOH等功能基团。将发夹DNA 2 (H2)通过AuS键连接到Au纳米粒子表面,再利用EDC/NHS活化实现Gln-GQD的-COOH与硫堇(Thi)的氨基缩合,得到H2-Gln-GQD/Au-Thi氧化还原探针,基于此构建了无酶放大电化学传感平台。在CYFRA21-1存在下,此传感平台的H2可与预先修饰在金电极表面的发夹DNA 1(H1)杂交,释放出一个CYFRA...     

物理化学的奠基者——奥斯特瓦尔德

奥斯特瓦尔德是物理化学的奠基者,为物理化学作出了卓越的贡献,因通过催化作用使氨氧化为硝酸并应用于工业生产而获得了1909年的诺贝尔化学奖.本文回顾了奥斯特瓦尔德的成长经历、科研态度和精神;并给出了对科学研究的启示.     

多孔氧化铝模板催化制备定向碳纳米管阵列

Well-aligned open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) arrays were prepared via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates without depositing any transition metals as catalyst. Effects of the CVD temperature and heat treatment were studied in detail.Well-aligned open-ended MWCNT arrays were obtained at the CVD temperature above 600 ℃; when CVD temperature is reduced to around 550 ℃, CNTs, CNFs and other structures existed at the same time; no CNTs or carbon nanofibres (CNFs) could be found as the CVD temperature is below 500 ℃, and only amorphous carbon in the porous AAO template was found. Experimental results showed that the AAO template is catalytic during the CVD process, and it has the following two effects: to catalyze thermal decomposition of acetylene and to catalyze conversion of carbon decomposed from acetylene into CNTs or CNFs. Heat treatment could improve the graphitization degree, but it might also introduce new defects.     

纳米粒子在乙炔聚合反应中的催化作用

纳米粒子在乙炔聚合反应中的催化作用王彦妮，张志琨，崔作林（青岛化工学院纳米材料研究所，青岛２６６０４２）关键词纳米粒子，乙炔，聚合反应，催化作用纳米粒子具有较大的比表面积，因而具有传统材料所没有的独特的光、电、磁等性能．对纳米粒子的研究始于６０年代．...     

Cu-catalyzed cross-couplings under ligandless conditions

The possibility to carry out Cu-catalyzed cross-couplings under ligandless conditions was studied.It was found that by using K_3PO_4 as the base,the cross-coupling could proceed successfully between aryl iodides and several types of nucleophiles.Aryl bromides were completely inactive under the same reaction conditions.