X-Ray Mapping and Interpretation of Scatter Diagrams

Electron beam induced quantitative X-ray mapping has become a very useful characterisation tool for determining the elemental distribution in materials, whether using energy dispersive spectroscopy or wavelength dispersive spectroscopy. The X-ray intensity distributions of the elements from an X-ray map allow us to generate two dimensional and ternary scatter diagrams thus converting spatial information into concentration dimensions, which is an important tool for displaying the spatial relationships of elements or correlated elements (phases) in materials. To best understand how to use this tool, we need to understand the production and features of the scatter diagram. The type of clustering observed in the scatter diagram, whether oval, linear or spherical, can give the major and trace element distributions within phases as well as qualitative and quantitative phase information. This paper demonstrates the generation of scatter diagrams, properties of scatter diagrams, interpretation of scatter diagrams and the advantages of scatter diagrams through the use of examples.     

一维粗糙表面散射特征的数值分析

使用Monte Carlo模拟的方法得出了随机粗糙表面，在Kirchhoff近似的基础上，利用数值分析的方法分析了一维随机粗糙表面的散射特征，得出了一维随机粗糙表面散射分布曲线，我们还考虑了遮蔽效应的影响，并且讨论了Kirchhoff近似的有效性。     

Heuristic Algorithms and Scatter Search for the Cardinality Constrained P||Cmax Problem

We consider the generalization of the classical P||C_max problem (assign n jobs to m identical parallel processors by minimizing the makespan) arising when the number of jobs that can be assigned to each processor cannot exceed a given integer k. The problem is strongly NP-hard for any fixed k > 2. We briefly survey lower and upper bounds from the literature. We introduce greedy heuristics, local search and a scatter search approach. The effectiveness of these approaches is evaluated through extensive computational comparison with a depth-first branch-and-bound algorithm that includes new lower bounds and dominance criteria.     

矩形均匀电子束在激光介质中的能量沉积的模拟计算

本文主要论述了0.5MeV,单能垂直入射的电子束在三种不同密度的氟化氪准分子激光介质中的能量沉积。计算是采用Monte Carlo方法的MCSED程序,光轴方向采用周期性边界条件,因此能够给出平行于和垂直于电子束入射方向的沉积能量的空间分布。本文给出了在三种不同密度下的出射电子的角分布。用该程序对垂直入射的,初始能量为1MeV的电子在半无限大Al靶中的沉积能量的计算结果与ONETRAN程序的结果及实验结果的比较表明MCSED程序的计算结果是可靠的。     

量化方法研究分子结BEMP和TEMP的电子输运特性

通过结合杂化密度泛函和前线轨道理论与弹性散射格林函数方法研究了BE- MP(benzene-1,4-di-ethynyl-4-mercaptophenyl)和TEMP(thiophene-2,5-di-ethynyl-4- mercaptophenyl)两分子结的输运性质。基于杂化密度泛函方法计算两扩展分子电子结构的基础上,计算了两分子的输运性质．计算结果显示:电流增加来源于电极和分子轨道的共振;电导曲线呈现出平台特征．在此基础上从扩展分子A(Au-BEMP-Au)中间的苯环的旋转而引起电流减小的角度解释了负微分电阻现象．     

SiO_2粒子对PMMA/SAN共混体系相分离行为的影响

采用小角激光光散射(SALLS)并结合动态流变学方法,考察了气相法二氧化硅(SiO2)粒子的加入对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/苯乙烯-丙烯腈无规共聚物(PMMA/SAN)共混体系相行为的影响,得到了添加SiO2粒子前后的相图,发现SiO2粒子对基体相行为的影响与基体的组成有关.对PMMA/SAN(60/40)体系,加入SiO2粒子后相分离温度上升,但并未改变相分离机理,仍为亚稳单相分解过程(spinodal decomposition,SD);而对于PMMA/SAN(30/70)体系,加入SiO2粒子后却降低了体系的相分离温度.该现象可能是SiO2粒子和基体组分界面间组成与PMMA/SAN共混物基体组成的差异造成的.     

用于爆炸物探测的X射线相干散射技术研究

建立了基于X光机的相干散射实验装置, 对用于爆炸物探测的X射线相干散射技术进行了研究. 在一个固定的角度下(6.5°), 测量了多种常见爆炸物和非爆炸物的相干散射谱. 结果表明, 每种爆炸物都有特定的相干散射谱线, 包含了与物质化学组分相关的"指纹信息". 使用这一方法可以将爆炸物从常见的非爆炸物中鉴别出来.     

自喇曼散射及二阶色散系数对三阶飞秒孤子的影响

介绍了分步傅里叶数值方法的原理和步骤。通过数值模拟，得到随着自喇曼散射系数的增大，三阶飞秒孤子分裂的两个孤峰，左峰的超前越来越小，而右峰的延迟越来越大。从频谱上看，开始蓝移随着自喇曼散射系数的增大而增大，当增大到一定程度时，两边的频谱会中移。增加二阶色散系数，三阶飞秒孤子的裂化也会得到控制，在频域内表现为频谱中移变窄。     

Nonlinear inversion of strong scatterer of elastic wave for two parameters in half-space

The inversion of strong scatterer embedded in the half-space is an important problem in engineering and a very difficult nonlinear problem in mathematics, for which the Born iterative method is of no effect. In this paper the moment method is used in the discretization procedure. A numerical approach is presented by employing the regularization technique and DBI (distorted Born iterative) method. The simulation results show that the approach presented is efficient. Project supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (RFDP: 98048705).     

On a Representative Volume in the Micromechanics of Particulate Composites

A rectangle filled with closely packed spheres of random size and properties is considered as a micromechanical model of a two-phase particulate composite. A numerical simulation is used to determine the effective mechanical properties of the assembly and their scatter as a function of the number of spheres. It is shown that, in a system with relatively small number of particles (up to 300), the scatter of Young's modulus decreases with the system size. However, the rate of the scatter decrease becomes smaller with growing size of the system, so that the convergence to zero most likely takes place at infinity.