激光诱导荧光探测水体中溶解有机物浓度

用Nd∶YAG激光器的三倍频355 nm光作为激发光源,根据激光诱导荧光(LIF)方法激发并探测污染水体的荧光光谱.通过对荧光光谱的分析处理研究归一化荧光强度,即450 nm处水中溶解有机物(DOM)峰与405 nm处水的拉曼峰的比值,反演溶解有机物浓度.用商品腐殖酸和去离子水配置成已知浓度的溶液代替标准DOM溶液进行标定,得到回归方程.结果证明,DOM的归一化荧光强度与水体中DOM浓度有较好的线性关系,因此LIF方法是对大面积水域水质进行动态遥测的较理想方法.     

Quality evaluation of fingerprints of herbal medicine with chromatographic data

In this study, local least squares (LLS) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to deal with the disturbances in a data set of chromatographic fingerprints after necessary data transformations. It has been demonstrated that PCA with standard normal variate (SNV) transformation of data led to meaningful classification of 33 different Erigeron breviscapus herbal samples. The result was also corroborated by variance squares discriminant method. The quality of herbal objects was further evaluated, and the causes of this fact have been explained from a chemical point of view. At the same time, it implied an idea for qualitative evaluation of the herbal objects with a common class pattern of chromatographic fingerprints.     

Artificial neural networks for quantification in unresolved capillary electrophoresis peaks

The application of the combination of experimental design (ED) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the quantification of overlapped peaks in capillary zone electrophoresis is described. When the total separation cannot be achieved by separation techniques, the use of ED-ANN can be a suitable approach. The unstability of EOF causes peak shift that has to be corrected in order to apply ED-ANN methods. In this work, normalization procedure of electropherograms with consequent application of ANNs for quantification purpose was developed. Both, spectra and electropherograms can be used as multivariate data. In general, both kinds of data were found to be suitable for unresolved peaks quantification by ED-ANN approach.     

Die Berechnung von Einelektronen-Integralen in der SCF-Xα-SW-Methode: I. Die Normierung

A normalization of the wave functions by means of the theoretical exact Multiple-Scattering-(MS)-formalism is discussed within the framework of the SCF-X-SW-method. For the atomic and extramolecular regions the integrals of normalization can be easily determined and the results can be described by the corresponding electronic charges. The calculation of the integral of the interatomic region is problematic. The needful volume integration is only necessary to theGreen's functions of the wave functions and can be solved by means of the residual theory. The further analytical calculation of the surface integrals leads to a complicated formalism which can be numerically evaluated.

     

Phase retrieval from fringe pattern with 1-D discrete wavelet transform

This paper proposes a novel method to obtain frequency modulation (FM) signals from a single fringe pattern for phase retrieval. First, a 1D discrete Meyer wavelet is employed to decompose the pattern image signal row by row and the soft-thresholding approach is applied to remove noise. The low frequency coefficients of the wavelet decomposition are then set to 0, and the signal is reconstructed. Moreover, the optimal wavelet decomposition level is adaptively determined using a cost function-based method. The reconstructed signal, which no longer contains a background component, is normalized using a nonlinear and piecewise normalization method. The proposed method is faster and more accurate than some other phase retrieval approaches, which is illustrated with two test cases.     

敏感问题研究中从调查问题到目标问题的转换模型

针对社会敏感问题,构建了从调查问题到目标问题的转化模型,并以大学生考试心理问题为例,进行了模拟运算,从模拟结果看,通过无敏感化的调查问卷研究敏感问题在技术上是可行的,能够达到较为理想的信度和效度,从而开辟了量化研究敏感问题的新途径.     

THE VALUE OF COMPOSITION GAMES AND （0,1） NORMALIZATION GAMES （ Ⅰ-Ⅱ ）

In this paper we have studied n-person game problems of (0,1) normalization and composition. Also we have concerned multilinear extensions of composition games and especial games [5-7,9-14]. As we have studied Shapley value [1-4,15], we will give some proofs of the the orems.     

A new model for automatic normalization of multitemporal satellite images using Artificial Neural Network and mathematical methods

Relative Radiometric Normalization is often required in remote sensing image analyses particularly in the land cover change detection process. Normalization process minimizes the radiometric differences between two images caused by inequalities in the acquisition conditions rather than changes in surface reflectance. A wide range of RRN methods have been developed to adjust linear models. This paper proposes an automated Relative Radiometric Normalization (RRN) method to adjust a non-linear model based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and unchanged pixels. The proposed method includes the following stages: (1) automatic detection of unchanged pixels based on a new idea that uses CVA (Change Vector Análysis) method, PCA (Principal Component Analysis) transformation and K-means clustering technique, (2) evaluation of different architectures of perceptron neural networks to find the best architecture for this specific task and (3) use of the aforementioned network for normalizing the subject image. The method has been implemented on two images taken by the TM sensor. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the presented technique in the automatic detection of unchanged pixels and minimizing imaging condition effects (i.e., atmosphere and other effective parameters).     

Reduction of the matrix influence on analytical signal in laser-enhanced ionization spectrometry with laser sampling

The novel approach using a slope of correlation line (laser-enhanced ionization of lithium versus laser-induced plasma emission of aluminum) as analytical signal was proposed for reduction of matrix interferences in laser-enhanced ionization spectrometric determination of Li with laser sampling.     

基于可见与近红外光谱联用的柑桔黄龙病快速无损检测研究

黄龙病是柑桔果树的毁灭性病害,对柑桔产业危害巨大。基于模型平均理论,探讨联用可见与近红外光谱技术,提高柑桔黄龙病快速无损检测精度的可行性。采集记录柑桔叶片的可见与近红外光谱,经实时荧光定量PCR鉴别黄龙病叶片为轻度、中度和重度三类,缺素和正常样品也经PCR鉴定,共五类叶片。基于光谱直接拼接、光谱归一化拼接和模型平均三种不同策略,结合偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)和多元线性回归(MLR)方法,分别建立了柑桔黄龙病可见与近红外光谱联用无损检测模型。经比较发现,光谱联用模型的检测精度均高于可见或近红外单一检测模型,且经导数处理后的光谱直接拼接PLS-DA模型检测精度最高,模型预测相关系数为0.97,预测均方根误差为0.67,模型总误判率为3%,其原因是导数消除了光谱的基线漂移。光谱归一化拼接的PLS-DA模型检测精度次之,模型总误判率为7%。可见与近红外模型平均的检测精度最低,模型总误判率为7.2%。实验结果表明,联用可见与近红外光谱,结合光谱拼接方法,提高了柑桔黄龙病无损检测模型的检测精度,研究可为其他领域的光谱联用提供参考依据。