HARVEST PLANNING UNDER UNCERTAIN EXTINCTION TIME

ABSTRACT. Harvesting a targeted commercial species results in impacts on an endangered species which may have no direct market value but may need protection as mandated by environmental laws. A vigorous harvest path might drive the endangered species to extinction. This paper studies harvest planning when the endangered species is subject to an uncertain extinction time. It is shown that the optimal static harvest level under certainty can be used as an upper bound for the entire dynamic harvest time path under uncertainty. The paper also develops an explicit upper bound for the entire harvest path under uncertain extinction time of the endangered species. It is demonstrated that an increase in the hazard rate of the endangered species will shift down the upper bound for the entire harvest path, whereas an increase in the growth rate of the commercial species will shift up the upper bound for the entire harvest path.     

浅谈三年"拔尖计划"经历的收获与期望

This article briefly discusses the harvest and impression of Top Talent Training Program in terms of mechanism of student recruitment and training, individualized course selection, specialized scientific research training, and foreign exchange, from the point view of top talented students of Sun Yat-Sen University. This article also puts forward some expectations and considerations for the 2.0 plan of Top Talent Training Program.     

基于年龄分组的单种群收获模型及稳定性分析

本文建立了一种按年龄分组的单种群收获模型 ,详细分析了该模型的稳定性 ,并得到了该模型临界稳定的充分必要条件 ,还得到了在临界稳定平衡中的极限状态解及临界稳定的生物学意义     

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE FOREST DISTURBANCE REGIMES IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS

The choice to harvest timber depends on, among other things, the accessibility and location of the forest. This paper examines observed harvest choices derived from satellite imagery and tests for relationships between harvest probability and location, quality, and ownership attributes of the site. Results indicate that the overall probability of harvesting for public lands is significantly lower than for private lands. Substantially different disturbance patterns relative to location attributes are also established for these groups. Results suggest a way to include spatially explicit information regarding private land management in public land management plans. An example demonstrates how alternative uses of public lands might be considered in the broader context of a multiple ownership landscape.     

红外光谱结合化学计量学对不同采收期滇重楼的定性定量分析

傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结合偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)和偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)对不同采收期滇重楼(Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis)分别进行定性鉴别与定量分析,以期为滇重楼合理采收和鉴别评价提供科学依据。采集46份不同采收期滇重楼样品的红外光谱,对光谱数据进行自动基线校正+纵坐标归一化+自动平滑+小波去噪(WD)预处理后进行PLS-DA分析;采用超高效液相色谱测定样品中重楼皂苷Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ的含量,将液相测定数据与红外光谱数据进行拟合,经自动基线校正+纵坐标归一化+自动平滑+一阶求导+正交信号校正(OSC)优化处理后,建立滇重楼中重楼皂苷Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ的快速预测模型。结果显示,(1)原始红外光谱中主要吸收区域在950~700,1 200~950,1 800~1 500和2 800~3 500 cm-1附近。(2)PLS-DA得分图可准确区分不同采收期滇重楼样品。(3)液相数据显示重楼总皂苷含量随着年限的增加先成倍增加,再逐渐减少,最后呈现缓慢增加的趋势。(4)重楼总皂苷含量定量模型的预测值与真实值间无显著性差异,表明模型预测效果好。FTIR结合化学计量学可准确区分不同采收期滇重楼并快速预测其皂苷含量,为不同采收期滇重楼的鉴别和皂苷含量预测提供一种新方法,同时为确定滇重楼的最佳采收期提供参考依据。     

Comparative analysis of phytochemical profile,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity from Hibiscus manihot L. flower

Hibiscus manihot L. is a kind of healthy plant with edible value and health benefits, which possesses multiple pharmacological activities that are closely related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The dynamic changes of main active components and biological activities in Hibiscus manihot L. flower (HMLF) during its flowering period were systematically studied to determine the appropriate harvest time. Chemopreventive efficacies of the investigated HMLF extracts, by means of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, were assessed. The sample harvested on early August had the supreme total flavonoid content, total phenolic content and the strongest antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ 0.160 mg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging activity (1.570 mmol/g Trolox), reducing power (IC₅₀ 0.101 mg/mL) and FRAP (3.644 mmol FeSO₄/g)). The results of principal component analysis indicated that the primary active components included hyperin, isoquercetin, hibifolin and quercetin-3′-O-glucoside, which were strongly associated with the antioxidant activity in the early August sample, while neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were associated with the anti-inflammatory activity. The extracts significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells, especially the samples harvested around August, which was only 3.569 μΜ with the inhibition ratio of>50%. This study indicated that HMLF harvested on the early August possessed the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and could be used as high bioactive resources for healthy production.     

UV-Vis结合HPLC FP对不同采收期傣药灯台叶的鉴别及品质研究

建立不同采收期灯台叶紫外-可见光谱指纹图谱及HPLC指纹图谱,结合主成分分析、聚类分析对不同采收期灯台叶进行快速鉴别和品质评价,确定最佳采收期,推动傣药现代化发展进程。通过单因素实验确定灯台叶紫外-可见光谱的最佳提取条件,采集12个月份灯台叶紫外光谱数据,平行3次,扣除背景8点平滑后倒入SIMCA-P+11.5进行主成分分析,以前三个主成分三维得分图快速鉴别不同采收期。Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C18(250×4.6 mm, 5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈(B)-0.1%甲酸水(A)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0～5 min,5% B;5～35 min,5% B→26% B;35～40 min,26% B→56% B),流速1 mL·min-1,进样量7 μL,柱温30 ℃,检测波长287 nm。不同采收期灯台叶紫外-可见光谱根据吸收峰位置及变化的幅度可以将光谱分为三段,第一段为235～400 nm,第二段为400～500 nm,第三段为500～800 nm。第一段中吸收峰数目最多,主要集中在270,287和325 nm,吸光度及其变化幅度最大,体现出不同月份光谱图的指纹特征。第二段吸收峰较少主要分布在410 nm和464 nm附近,吸光度及其变化较第一段减小。第三段图谱在665 nm处均有一个较大吸收峰,吸光度无明显差异。将UV-Vis光谱数据进行主成分分析,不同月份样品在主成分得分图中离散分布,同一月份样品相对集中,可以将不同月份样品鉴别开。HPLC指纹图谱结合聚类分析可将不同采收期样品分为Ⅲ类,第Ⅰ类为3,4,5和7月份,第Ⅱ类为6,8和9月份,第Ⅲ类为10,11,12,1及2月。结合共有峰面积可以看出同一类样品化学成分含量相近,不同类之间差异较明显,第Ⅲ类样品化学成分含量最高。UV-Vis FP,HPLC FP结合主成分分析和聚类分析能快速鉴别不同采收期灯台叶并对其进行品质评价。灯台叶最佳采收期为10月至次年2月,即傣历中的冷季。     

黄芩采收季节的红外光谱三级鉴别与主成分分析

中药的采收季节与药物质量有着密切的关联,研究不同季节采收药材的差异并对其进行准确识别,对中药药理研究与质量控制意义重大。采用红外光谱三级鉴别法,对春季和秋季采收的黄芩进行研究。结果表明,春季与秋季采收的黄芩红外光谱吸收峰位置较相似,但是酯类化合物中羰基CO的1 740 cm-1特征吸收峰,黄酮类成分1 614 cm-1附近特征吸收峰及糖类成分1 071 cm-1附近吸收峰的相对峰强度差别显著。通过二者相对峰强度的不同发现春季采收的黄芩药材中黄酮类和酯类成分高于秋季采收的药材。比较二者在1 300～400 cm-1波数范围内的二阶导数红外光谱,得出其所含糖类物质有所不同。二者的差异在二维相关红外光谱上更加直观显著。对16个批次的春季与秋季采收黄芩药材红外光谱进行了主成分分析,结果表明二者可以得到准确区分。综上,红外光谱三级鉴别法与主成分分析相结合,可以准确鉴别春季和秋季采收的黄芩,并分析其化学成分的差异。     

On a problem of optimal harvesting from a stochastic system with a jump component

In this paper, we study a problem of optimal harvesting from a stochastic system modeled by a geometric Lévy process. A verification theorem of the variational inequality type is also given and proved. The paper has been motivated by I. Elsanosi et al. [Stochastics Stochastics Rep. (2000)], where the authors considered an optimal harvesting problem with price dynamics following a stochastic differential delay equation.     

具有年龄结构和约束的群落系统的最优收获

研究一类有年龄结构和相互作用的两种群构成的群落系统的最优收获问题,要求控制过程结束时的种群状态充分接近预先指定的年龄分布.证明了最优控制的存在性,运用Dubovitskii-Milyutin理论导出了最优性条件.这种处理方法为研究连续年龄分布下种群收获问题提供了统一框架.