Micromechanics of residual stress and texture development due to poling in polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics

This paper presents micromechanics based analysis of elastic strain and changes in the texture of poled polycrystalline ferroelectric PZT ceramics for direct comparison with synchrotron X-ray measurements. The grains are modelled as spherical inclusions, to which transformation strains are assigned depending on the fractions of different ferroelectric domains. Eshelby's inclusion problem with the classical self-consistent method is applied to evaluate the elastic state of the grains. In particular, the elongation due to lattice elastic strain is calculated as a function of inclination Ψ relative to the polar axis. The ratio of diffraction peak intensities, corresponding to the domain fractions, is also expressed as a function of Ψ. This analysis identifies the special character of the reflection, for which the lattice strain along in the stress free state is independent of ferroelectric domain population and hence unaffected by poling. The elongation due to the lattice strain parallel to and peak intensity ratio are expressed in terms of the overall macroscopic strain of a poled specimen, each having a dependence.     

Computational modeling of rate-dependent domain switching in piezoelectric materials

In this contribution a micromechanically motivated model for rate-dependent switching effects in piezoelectric materials is developed. The proposed framework is embedded into a three-dimensional finite element setting whereby each element is assumed to represent an individual grain. Related dipole (polarization) directions are thereby initially randomly oriented at the element level to realistically capture the originally un-poled state of grains in the bulk ceramics. The onset of domain switching processes is based on a representative energy criterion and combined with a linear kinetics theory accounting for time-dependent propagation of domain walls during switching processes. In addition, grain boundary effects are incorporated by making use of a macromechanically motivated probabilistic approach. Standard volume-averaging techniques with respect to the response on individual grains in the bulk ceramics are later on applied to obtain representative hysteresis and butterfly curves under macroscopically uniaxial loading conditions at different loading frequencies. It turns out that the simulations based on the developed finite element formulation nicely match experimental data reported in the literature.     

基于区域分解算法的地下水耦合模型及其应用

根据岩体中不同区域裂隙发育规模的差异分为连续区域和离散区域,在不同区域中使用不同的地下水运动数学模型,应用区域分解算法来解决这类问题。其中连续区域采用了等效连续介质模型,离散区域采用了随机裂隙网络模型,通过区域公共边界上水位和流量连续的条件将两模型耦合求解。将基于区域分解算法的耦合模型应用于锦屏水电站坝址区三维渗流场的模拟中,通过钻孔观测水位和计算水位的对比发现,该方法是有效的,能够应用于实际工程。     

A domain decomposition method for three species modeling of multi-electrode negative corona discharge – With applications to electrostatic precipitators

The negative corona discharge problem for multi-electrode geometries is modeled by a three species model. The equations are solved using domain decomposition, by recognizing that multiple species are only present in a small part of the domain, and hence only need to be incorporated locally in the model.The method is applied to an industrially relevant three wire electrostatic precipitator geometry. The calculated current density is in good agreement with experimental data. To further illustrate applications of the three species solution, it is used for coupled particle, fluid, and electrostatic simulations to analyze particle collection properties.     

Thermodynamic Control of Domain Swapping by Modulating the Helical Propensity in the Hinge Region of Myoglobin

Domain swapping is an exception to Anfinsen's dogma, and more than one structure can be produced from the same amino acid sequence by domain swapping. We have previously shown that myoglobin (Mb) can form a domain‐swapped dimer in which the hinge region is converted to a helical structure. In this study, we showed that domain‐swapped dimerization of Mb was achieved by a single Ala mutation of Gly at position 80. Multiple Ala mutations at positions 81 and 82 in addition to position 80 facilitated dimerization of Mb by stabilization of the dimeric states. Domain swapping tendencies correlated well with the helical propensity of the mutated residue in a series of Mb mutants with amino acids introduced to the hinge region. These findings demonstrate that a single mutation in the hinge loop to modify helical propensity can control oligomer formation, providing new ideas to create high‐order protein oligomers using domain swapping.     

Invariant elliptic estimates

In this paper, we revisit elliptic estimates invariant under domain expansion. We improve the invariant elliptic estimates in the previous paper [Y. Cho, T. Ozawa, Y. Shim, Calc. Var. PDE 34 (2009) 321-339] via gradient estimate and discuss an application to the Lamé system.     

Characterization of the light scattering by ensembles of randomly distributed soot aggregates

Soot particles formed in combustion processes commonly exist in the form of ensembles of randomly distributed aggregates of small, nearly spherical monomers. In this paper, these randomly distributed aggregates are numerically generated using a combination of the cluster–cluster aggregation algorithm with the Monte Carlo method. Moreover, an efficient and accurate numerical method is presented for characterizing the light scattering by these complex soot particles illuminated by plane wave and Gaussian beam. This method exploits the unique features of the hybrid finite element-boundary integral method and, more importantly, the unique features of soot aggregates. It is designed in such a manner that it first decomposes the original problem into many sub-regions, where each primary particle is regarded as a sub-region, and then it employs the edge-based finite element method to deal with each sub-region. The sub-regions communicate through the near-field Green’s function. To reduce computational burdens, an iterative domain decomposition method in combination with parallel conjugate gradient method is adopted to solve the coupling system of equations. As an illustration, we present some of our preliminary numerical results. The results are expected to provide useful insights into the optical properties of soot particles formed in combustion processes.     

Dynamics of the infinitely-thin kink

We consider the dynamics of the domain-wall kink soliton, in particular we study the zero mode of translation. In the infinitely-thin kink limit, we show that the zero mode is almost completely frozen out, the only remnant being a dynamically constrained four-dimensional mode of a single but arbitrary frequency. In relation to this result, we show that the usual mode expansion for dealing with zero modes - implicit collective coordinates - is not in fact a completely general expansion, and that one must use instead a traditional generalised Fourier analysis.     

Study of domain structure and magnetization reversal after thermal treatments in Fe40Co38Mo4B18 microwires

We have studied the effect of thermal treatment on the magnetic domain structure and magnetic reversal process of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe₄₀Co₃₈Mo₄B₁₈ microwires. The domain structure and the magnetization reversal of amorphous FeCoMoB microwires reflect the complex stress distribution introduced by the glass coating. Hence, the thickness of radial domain structure decreases with temperature and the temperature dependence of the switching field presents a discontinuous behavior. After nanocrystallization, the domain structure of FeCoMoB microwire is almost constant within the temperature range 10-400 K and the switching field decreases almost linearly with temperature mostly because of the decrease of saturation magnetization.