风机盘管机组换热器的分析与改进

分析了影响风机盘管换热器传热性能的主要因素并提出相应的解决措施.采用理论分析与计算的方法,从提高传热效率出发对热交换器进行了改进.对于企业降低生产成本、提升产品性能和提高市场竞争力具有重要意义.     

我国汽车产业竞争力区域差异的实证研究

近年来,随着汽车产业对我国经济增长贡献日渐提高,各省市纷纷将汽车产业定位为支柱产业来发展。本文基于汽车产业竞争力分析框架,根据我国各省市、自治区2001-2009年的统计数据,从产业规模、技术能力、经营效率和成长能力四个方面,实证分析汽车产业竞争力区域差异。研究发现,我国汽车产业竞争力区域差距较大,在汽车产业水平领先的地区出现明显两极分化,而一些汽车产业水平落后的地区却具备较强的成长能力,其结论对推动中国汽车产业的发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

A study of the relationship between competitiveness and technological innovation capability based on DEA models

Researchers and managers have been searching for appropriate methods to explore the relationship between technological innovation capability and competitiveness in recent years. This study attempts to find a systematic quantitative methodology to tackle this problem. In a recent survey covering 182 industrial innovative firms in China, the traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was employed to analyze the data collected. The research results show that only 16% of the enterprises operate on the best-practice frontier and there are some inconsistencies between organizational innovation capability and competitiveness in many enterprises. Decreasing returns to scale were found among about 70% of the inefficient enterprises and increasing returns to scale were found among the remaining 30% of the inefficient enterprises. Thus the internal innovation harmonizing process in these enterprises is considerably inefficient. Based on the restricted ranges of the input/output factors, a multi-objective DEA projection model has also been developed in this study to provide a benchmark for auditing competitiveness. Research results further indicate that there is still much room for enterprises to improve competitiveness in situations of confining score ranges of technological innovation capability and competitiveness.     

Introducing regulation in the measurement of efficiency,with an application to the Canadian air carriers industry

This paper proposes a method to measure efficiency in highly regulated capital-intensive industries in the presence of state-owned enterprises. We generalize the data envelopment analysis method to include regulation in the model, as well as the quasi-fixed nature of capital and its links with the firms’ investment decisions. The framework is then applied to the Canadian air carriers industry to study the impact of regulation changes on the efficiency of the various carriers, between 1960 and 1999. Our results show that deregulation explains a large part of the measured inefficiency.     

A decision support methodology to enhance the competitiveness of the Turkish automotive industry

Three levels of competitiveness affect the success of business enterprises in a globally competitive environment: the competitiveness of the company, the competitiveness of the industry in which the company operates and the competitiveness of the country where the business is located. This study analyses the competitiveness of the automotive industry in association with the national competitiveness perspective using a methodology based on Bayesian Causal Networks. First, we structure the competitiveness problem of the automotive industry through a synthesis of expert knowledge in the light of the World Economic Forum’s competitiveness indicators. Second, we model the relationships among the variables identified in the problem structuring stage and analyse these relationships using a Bayesian Causal Network. Third, we develop policy suggestions under various scenarios to enhance the national competitive advantages of the automotive industry. We present an analysis of the Turkish automotive industry as a case study. It is possible to generalise the policy suggestions developed for the case of Turkish automotive industry to the automotive industries in other developing countries where country and industry competitiveness levels are similar to those of Turkey.     

Evaluating environmental regulation in Spain using process control and preventive techniques

Because environmental regulations may be adjusted over time to reflect updated understanding or new circumstances, there may be scope for strategic behaviour too. Regulations affect not only current emission levels, but also the effect on investment in R&D or new plant and equipment and, consequently, on competitive priorities. Although most of the literature devoted to the environmental regulation highlights the effects that legislation has on the adoption of decisions related to the environment as a competitive opportunity, there is actually no strong empirical evidence which supports that argument. This is why the present paper has as its aim to identify (1) how the regulation concerning the natural environment differs across sectors and (2) how it can influence managerial perceptions of the role to be played by the natural environment as a competitive opportunity. The research work has been carried out in two phases. The first phase involved comparative case studies of eight Spanish firms; during the second, the propositions emerging from the first phase were tested through a structural equation model of 239 hotels and 208 firms affected by the IPPC law in Spain. This paper has made a contribution to the existing research literature through the examination of the similarities and differences concerning managerial decision-making in the field of natural environment regulations. Moreover, a contact point between the Porter hypothesis and its criticism is offered. In relation to practical implications, updated information about the European, National and Community environmental legislation is presented that affects firms from eight sectors. In this context, legal environmental requirements are identified so as to make easier the adoption of managerial decisions which guarantee compliance with the law and avoidance of fines.     

On the methodology of the World Competitiveness Report

A nation with its natural resources, human capabilities, research and educational institutions, government organizations, financial systems, and cultural and social values provides an environment in which firms are created, organized, and managed. The competitive environment a nation provides influences the performance of its firms at home and abroad. Therefore, it is of prime importance for both governments and firms to study the competitive environment of a country in comparison with those of the others. The World Competitiveness Report (WCR), a report annually produced by the Institute for Management Development (IMD) and the World Economic Forum (WEF), both based in Switzerland, is a study that rates and ranks the competitiveness of a certain group of countries (OECD plus 15 newly industrialized countries) and is a widely quoted study in the international media. Although some essence of its methodology is given for a general understanding, details are not provided, perhaps for proprietary reasons since the report is a commercial enterprise itself. The objective of this paper is to uncover the methodology used by the WCR. For this purpose, the methodological information provided in the WCR is used to the fullest extent. However, for the steps where the information is missing or when different interpretations are possible, an approach based on mathematical programming is employed to ‘guess’ the methodology.     

竞争力研究的新视角:动力学理论分析框架

突破基于指标体系评估的静态分析模式,提出了竞争力研究的新视角,建立动力学理论分析框架.提出了竞争力场模型,包括竞争强度、竞争势、要素密度、要素极化等定义及其表达方式,并创建竞争场能、竞争场信息熵的概念和数学模型.给出了竞争场的高斯定理与环路定理,并证明了竞争场信息熵的凸性定理及其极大熵原理.最后指出了竞争力的动力学理论研究的进一步发展方向.     

A cost-sharing method for an economic lot-sizing game

We present a cost-sharing method that is competitive, cross-monotonic and approximate cost recovering for an economic lot-sizing game under a weak triangle inequality assumption, along with numerical results showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

A Review of On-Line Machine Scheduling:Algorithms and Competitiveness

在过去的十年里，在线算法的研究吸引了广泛的兴趣．本文对在排序和时间表问题中的各种有效的在线算法以及它们的竞争度作一综述．