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色彩是民族服饰的核心要素,也是民族文化元素的重要组成部分,构建一套兼具科学性与实用性的色彩体系极具挑战性。在传统色彩地理学方法基础上,通过提取主题色和改进的关联规则挖掘方法,获取色彩数据、寻找色彩规则,并对其进行自然色彩体系(NCS)编谱分析,构建了一套苗族服饰色彩体系(Miao’s costume color system,MCCS)。该体系有助于进一步挖掘苗族服饰的配色规律,实现对苗族服饰色彩的数字化保护,为民族服饰色彩传承机理的探索与研究提供新的思路。  相似文献   
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The cycloaddition of heptafulvalene ( 1 ) with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) was previously described as an example of an antarafacial cycloaddition, a [π14a2s] process that afforded only the trans cycloadduct by virtue of the edge-to-face approach of TCNE, facilitated by the S shape of 1 . The reaction has been investigated in depth and found not to be a concerted antarafacial process. At low temperature, the reaction is observed to give a mixture of cis and trans cycloadducts as well as a [4+2] cycloadduct. The mixture of products is converted to the trans cycloadduct by equilibration upon warming to room temperature. Studies with diethyl 2,3-dicyanofumarate and -maleate confirmed the formation of cis cycloadducts. DFT studies at the M06-2X/6-311+G(2d,p) SCRF=acetone level of theory show that the originally proposed edge-to-face approach of TCNE to 1 is highly disfavored, whereas a stepwise mechanism involving the addition of TCNE at C2 to form a zwitterion followed by collapse at either C2′ or C7′ is energetically accessible. The Diels-Alder adduct is also formed in a stepwise reaction by competitive addition of TCNE at C4 of 1 . These studies suggest that edge-to-face interactions are prohibitive in even the most favorable cases.  相似文献   
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A kinetic model which describes Ostwald's rule of stages, during the process of crystal growth from solution, is reported here. Reaction equations for stages are given where the stages convert from one to another. The final stage reacts to release a portion of solute back into solution, while the remainder converts to the final equilibrium form. Additionally, a remnant of the solute that was not consumed by any of the transitional stages, ultimately is converted into the final product. This particular model was motivated by a recent report for Boc-diphenylalanine self-assembly where the dissolved peptide was observed to go through two polymorphic stages before reaching the equilibrium supramolecular assembly [A. Levin et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 5219, (2014)]. Kinetic data for the concentration of solute present during the process are listed in the above-mentioned report. We show here how the model, for , describes the time-dependent behavior of the solute decay during the growth process. After comparing the model to the experimental data, we are able to report values for all of the rate constants and propose a rule whereby the relative magnitudes of these constants can be used to predict whether a supersaturated substance will noticeably pass through transitional stages or simply convert from solute to the equilibrium solid form.  相似文献   
6.
Transparent and nearly colorless single crystals of r‐LiB13C2 were obtained by reaction of boron with Li2CO3 in a Cu melt at 1250–1300 °C. The structure analysis [R3 m, a = 5.6535(1), c = 12.5320(2) Å, 421 independent reflections, 22 parameters, R1 = 0.034, wR2 = 0.093] revealed a crystal structure that can be described as a filling variant of rhombohedral B13C2. Li+ is located in a void above or below the linear CBC unit. The site occupation is close to 50 % resulting in an electron‐precise composition according to Wade's rules if a positive charge is given to the CBC entity: Li+(B12)2–(CBC)+. The displacement parameters of the CBC unit indicate disorder in the [001] direction, that relates to the short Li–C distance and the partial occupation of the Li+ site. The composition is confirmed by EELS measurements of single crystals. Band gap calculations give a value of 2.94 eV, which is in agreement to the crystals being colorless. The evaluation of the electron density by application of the QTAIM formalism as proposed by Bader modifies the assignment pictured above according to Wade's rules. In agreement to the electronegativities the carbon atoms carry a negative charge (–2.31/–2.42) and the effective charges are: Li+0.81(B12)+2.02(CBC)–2.83.  相似文献   
7.
In this article, we present a novel method to obtain both improved estimates and reliable stopping rules for stochastic optimization algorithms such as the Monte Carlo EM (MCEM) algorithm. By characterizing a stationary point, θ*, of the algorithm as the solution to a fixed point equation, we provide a parameter estimation procedure by solving for the fixed point of the update mapping. We investigate various ways to model the update mapping, including the use of a local linear (regression) smoother. This simple approach allows increased stability in estimating the value of θ* as well as providing a natural quantification of the estimation uncertainty. These uncertainty measures can then also be used to construct convergence criteria that reflect the inherent randomness in the algorithm. We establish convergence properties of our modified estimator. In contrast to existing literature, our convergence results do not require the Monte Carlo sample size to go to infinity. Simulation studies are provided to illustrate the improved stability and reliability of our estimator.  相似文献   
8.
In this work the applicability of four of the most commonly used viscosity mixing rules to [ionic liquid (IL)+molecular solvent (MS)] systems is assessed. More than one hundred (IL+MS) binary mixtures were selected from the literature to test the viscosity mixing rules proposed by 1) Hind (Hi), 2) Grunberg and Nissan (G–N), 3) Herric (He) and 4) Katti and Chaudhri (K–C). The analyses were performed by estimating the average (absolute or relative) deviations, AADs and ARDs, between the available experimental data and the predicted ideal mixture viscosity values obtained by means of each rule. The interaction terms corresponding to the adjustable parameters inherent to each rule were also calculated and their trends discussed.  相似文献   
9.
This paper focuses on the cubature Kalman filters (CKFs) for the nonlinear dynamic systems with additive process and measurement noise. As is well known, the heart of the CKF is the third-degree spherical–radial cubature rule which makes it possible to compute the integrals encountered in nonlinear filtering problems. However, the rule not only requires computing the integration over an n-dimensional spherical region, but also combines the spherical cubature rule with the radial rule, thereby making it difficult to construct higher-degree CKFs. Moreover, the cubature formula used to construct the CKF has some drawbacks in computation. To address these issues, we present a more general class of the CKFs, which completely abandons the spherical–radial cubature rule. It can be shown that the conventional CKF is a special case of the proposed algorithm. The paper also includes a fifth-degree extension of the CKF. Two target tracking problems are used to verify the proposed algorithm. The results of both experiments demonstrate that the higher-degree CKF outperforms the conventional nonlinear filters in terms of accuracy.  相似文献   
10.
Distribution‐free (nonparametric) control charts are helpful in applications where we do not have enough information about the underlying distribution. The Shewhart precedence charts is a class of Phase I nonparametric charts for location. One of these charts, called the median precedence chart (Med chart hereafter), uses the median of the test sample as the charting statistic, whereas another chart, called the minimum precedence chart (Min chart hereafter), uses the minimum. In this paper, we first study the comparative performance of the Min and the Med charts, respectively, in terms of their in‐control and out‐of‐control run‐length properties in an extensive simulation study. It is seen that neither chart is best as each has its strength in certain situations. Next, we consider enhancing their performance by adding some supplementary runs‐rules. It is seen that the new charts present very attractive run‐length properties, that is, they outperform their competitors in many situations. A summary and some concluding remarks are given. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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