Research on Inference of Candidate Database Web Surveys Based on Superpopulation Pseudo Design and the Combined Sample

How to solve the inference problem of candidate database web surveys is an urgent problem to be solved in the development of web survey. In order to solve this problem, the inference method of non-probability sampling based on superpopulation pseudo design and the combined sample is proposed. A superpopulation model is firstly built up to construct pseudo weights for a survey sample of the web candidate database. The estimator of the population mean is then computed according to the combined sample composed of the survey sample of the web candidate database and a probability sample. The variance estimator of the population mean estimator is lastly derived according to the variance estimation theory of the superpopulation model. The Bootstrap and Jackknife methods are also used to compute the variance estimator. And all these variance estimation methods are compared. The research results show that the population mean estimator based on superpopulation pseudo design and the combined sample is better, and has higher efficiency than the estimator only using the probability sample and the weighted estimator only using the survey sample of the web candidate database. The variance estimator computed by using the VM1, VM2 and VM3 method are relatively better.     

改进的区间截断法及基于区间分析的非概率可靠性分析方法

从工程应用的角度出发 ,提出了用区间表示参数的不确定性时 ,线性系统的非概率可靠度指标 ,此可靠度指标在试验数据较少时比概率可靠度指标更合理 ;另外本文还提出了计算响应参量变化范围的区间截断法 ,研究了截断参数 t的选取范围 ,算例分析表明 ,当 t取为所有输入参数的最大相对变化量时 ,由区间截断法算得的结果近似等于精确解 ,而随着 t的增大 ,区间截断法的解逐渐平稳地趋近于由区间算术运算所求得的直接解。     

概率波和非概率波

对于把克莱因-戈尔登方程当作是玻色子的方程的看法提出异议,认为它是所有微观粒子均要满足的方程,但它却不能成为任何一类粒子的波动方程.提出了克-戈方程中包含着概率和非概率两类波的概念,认为概率波还要遵从一个对时和空都是一阶导数的方程,这才是粒子的波动方程.不同种类粒子性质的不同则体现在他们概率波类型的不同上.     

大数据背景下的抽样调查

大数据具有体量大、种类丰富、增长速度快等特点,同时也存在价值密度低、代表性差等问题,为抽样调查带来了机遇与挑战.大数据背景下的抽样如何适应新的变化、具有怎样的发展和应用?文章从三个角度进行了讨论.一是在数据流环境下产生了一些适应性强的新型抽样方法,能够高效、准确地获得有代表性样本,并兼顾存储空间、处理的时间与能力.二是...     

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??How to solve the inference problem of candidate database web surveys is an urgent problem to be solved in the development of web survey. In order to solve this problem, the inference method of non-probability sampling based on superpopulation pseudo design and the combined sample is proposed. A superpopulation model is firstly built up to construct pseudo weights for a survey sample of the web candidate database. The estimator of the population mean is then computed according to the combined sample composed of the survey sample of the web candidate database and a probability sample. The variance estimator of the population mean estimator is lastly derived according to the variance estimation theory of the superpopulation model. The Bootstrap and Jackknife methods are also used to compute the variance estimator. And all these variance estimation methods are compared. The research results show that the population mean estimator based on superpopulation pseudo design and the combined sample is better, and has higher efficiency than the estimator only using the probability sample and the weighted estimator only using the survey sample of the web candidate database. The variance estimator computed by using the VM1, VM2 and VM3 method are relatively better.     

自旋为1的粒子的波动方程

对于把克莱因-戈尔登方程当作是玻色子的波动方程的看法提出了异议.给出了一个自旋为1的粒子的相对论性波动方程,该方程具有8×8矩阵或三级四元数的形式,对时间和空间都是一阶导数的;还给出了该种粒子的一些重要算符.在自由粒子的情况下给出了粒子的平面波解和球面波解.