坡面流及土壤侵蚀动力学（II）——————土壤侵蚀

介绍了坡面土壤侵蚀的基本特征和主要类型, 综述了坡面土壤侵蚀动力学过程和预报模型等方面的研究进展, 包括土壤表层结皮、雨滴溅蚀、片流侵蚀、细沟侵蚀、坡面流输沙、土壤侵蚀界限坡度, 以及土壤侵蚀预报模型等. 并简要讨论了土壤侵蚀动力学研究的发展趋势.     

A physical,mechanistic and fully coupled hillslope hydrology model

We present the mathematical development and numerical solution of a new model of flow processes on an infiltrating hillslope. We also present validation and sample applications. The model is a distributed, mechanistic, physically based hillslope hydrologic model. The model describes the small‐scale processes associated with overland flow, erosion, and sediment transport on an infiltrating surface and is capable of capturing small‐scale variations in flow depth, flow velocities, interactive infiltration, erosion rates, and sediment transport. The model couples the fully two‐dimensional hydrodynamic equations for overland flow, the one‐dimensional Richards equation for infiltration, and a sediment detachment and transport model. Two simulations are presented highlighting the model's ability to capture and describe the interaction between precipitation, overland flow, erosion and infiltration at very small scales. Results of the two‐dimensional simulations indicate the system of equations produces hillslopes possessing characteristics of self‐organization as observed in real world systems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.