Evaluating practical measurements of fire-induced vent flows with stereoscopic PIV

Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) was applied to a fire-induced doorway flow to provide the velocity field for computations of the mass flow rate of air into an enclosure. For a flow of uniform temperature and concentration, the technique met all of the requirements to provide the best estimate of the mass flow rate. Simultaneous measurements of vertical distributions of velocity and temperature were also conducted with conventional vent flow techniques, bi-directional probes and thermocouples. Correction factors for mass flow rate computations using the conventional techniques were determined based on comparisons to the SPIV results. An average correction factor of unity was determined for the bi-directional probe technique thus further confirming the utilization of velocity distributions acquired using the technique in mass flow rate computations. An average correction factor of 0.69 was determined for mass flow rates computed from vertical temperature distributions inside and outside the enclosure. This agrees with average correction factors determined in previous studies. The results from the present study suggest that the conventional techniques, which are practical and affordable for routine fire testing, may be applied with greater confidence for fires up to 500 kW.     

Rainwater rivulets on a cable subject to windFilets d'eau de pluie sur un câble soumis au vent

Rainwater rivulets appear on inclined cables of cable-stayed bridges when wind and rain occur simultaneously. In a restricted range of parameters this is known to cause vibrations of high amplitudes on the cable. The mechanism underlying this effect is still under debate but the role of rainwater rivulets is certain. We use a standard lubrication model to analyse the dynamics of a water film on a cylinder under the effect of gravity and wind load. A simple criterion is then proposed for the appearance and position of rivulets, where the Froude number is the control parameter. Experiments with several geometries of cylinder covered with water in a wind tunnel show the evolution of the rivulets with the Froude number. Comparison of the prediction by the model with these experimental data shows that the main mechanism of rivulet formation and positioning is captured. To cite this article: C. Lemaitre et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

轿车热环境模拟及风口面积对乘客舒适性的影响

通过数值计算的方法模拟了车内的速度场和温度场。计算采用SIMPLE算法,紊流采用k-ε模型,考虑了自然对流换热的影响,应用整体求解法计算气固耦合传热问题。用射线追踪法计算太阳热辐射,S2S模型计算固体壁面间的辐射。利用PMV和EHT指标从总体和局部两个方面分析车内舒适程度,并研究了喷口面积对热环境的影响。研究表明,改变喷口面积可以在一定范围内调节车内热舒适性,空调设计时可以利用这一点来提高冷负荷的利用率。     

关于函数y=f(x)与y=|f(x)|

本文对函数 y=f ( x)与 y=|f ( x) |的部分性质进行了比较和分析 ,指出了它们性质上的区别与联系 .     

构树叶中黄酮类化合物的提取及测定——介绍一个大学综合化学实验

A new comprehensive chemical experiment for college students is introduced. This experiment is from the achievements of scientific research. It includes obtaining absorption spectrum and calibration curve of Rutin, and ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction and spectrophotometric determination of flavonoids from Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Leaves. The experiment involves several basic analytical chemistry procedures and the effective components in plant sample are analyzed. Through the experiment, the students' experimental skills, comprehensive and innovative abilities are improved; furthermore, the specialty requirements are satisfied in agriculture or forestry universities. Thus, it is recommended to be included in the comprehensive analytical chemistry laboratory for students of non-chemistry majors.