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Amphiphilic aroma molecules, representatives of fragrance molecules, are introduced as dynamic volatile surfactants. Surface tension of their aqueous solutions proves to be a sensitive and revealing quantity, used for assessment of the adsorption-evaporation behavior both under equilibrium conditions and in regimes of no instantaneous equilibrium. Such volatile amphiphiles are characterized by fast adsorption from bulk solution at an air-water interface, on a timescale of tens of microseconds, and exhibit synergetic effect in mixtures with conventional micellar-forming surfactants. Their ability to evaporate from the interface on a time scale of minutes suggests their applications as “temporal” dynamic cosurfactants in technologies involving fast formation of new surfaces. Current challenges concern evaluation of specific material parameters of volatile aroma surfactants in order to enable their selection for targeted applications.  相似文献   
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Active particles can autonomously propel and have the tendency to organize into high-order ensembles and phases that evolve and reconfigure. They have emerged as a focused subject in contemporary colloid science, holding great promise in advancing fields, such as cargo delivery, sensing, micromachinery and microrobotics, and materials science. Realization of the full potentials of active particles requires delicate control of their dynamics in propulsion and assembly, which is challenging due to the out-of-equilibrium nature of such systems. Recently, systematically engineered colloidal shapes have been exploited as an effective means to tune and even program the dynamic behaviors of active particles. Various anisotropic particles, with controlled geometries and possessing either homogeneous or heterogeneous composition, have been fabricated, regulating how particles actively propel, interact, and assemble under several chemical and physical stimuli. In this paper, we provide an overview of these progresses. We also briefly discuss our view on the future directions and challenges.  相似文献   
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Liquid-liquid-solid systems are becoming increasingly common in everyday life with many possible applications. Here, we focus on a special case of such liquid-liquid-solid systems, namely, capillary suspensions. These capillary suspensions originate from particles that form a network based on capillary forces and are typically composed of solids in a bulk liquid with an added secondary liquid. The structure of particle networks based on capillary bridges possesses unique properties compared with networks formed via other attractive interactions where these differences are inherently related to the properties of the capillary bridges, such as bridge breaking and coalescence between adjacent bridges. Thus, to tailor the mechanical properties of capillary suspensions to specific requirements, it is important to understand the influences on different length scales ranging from the dynamics of the bridges with varying external stimuli to the often heterogeneous network structure.  相似文献   
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In this paper, we demonstrate a kind of broadband metamaterial perfect absorber using both graphene and metal resonator elements. Through step by step design and simulation, wider absorption band from about 4.22 THz to 7.48 THz with average absorption rate up to 98.21% is achieved in the absorption spectrum. In addition, the absorber has characteristics of polarization insensitivity and wide incident angle due to its inherent rotational symmetry. Moreover, the absorption band can be adjusted by changing the chemical potential of the graphene. The superiorities of broadband, high absorption rate, polarization independent and wide-angle characteristics make it have potential application prospects in electromagnetic wave absorbing, signal sensing and detection, and other optoelectronic devices.  相似文献   
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The rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal diseases in humans and animals. Although studying the interactions between a single rabies virus and the cell membrane is necessary for understanding the pathogenesis, the internalization dynamic mechanism of single rabies virus in living cells remains largely elusive. Here, we utilized a novel force tracing technique based on atomic force microscopy(AFM) to record the process of single viral entry into host cell. We revealed that the force of the rabies virus internalization distributed at (65±25) pN, and the time was identified by two peaks with spacings of (237.2±59.1) and (790.3±134.4) ms with the corresponding speed of 0.12 and 0.04 μm/s, respectively. Our results provide insight into the effects of viral shape during the endocytosis process. This report will be meaningful for understanding the dynamic mechanism of rabies virus early infection.  相似文献   
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We provide a representation formula for viscosity solutions to an elliptic Dirichlet problem involving Pucci’s extremal operators. This is done through a dynamic programming principle derived from Denis et al. (2010). The formula can be seen as a nonlinear extension of the Feynman–Kac formula.  相似文献   
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Thermal- and light-driven diselenide metathesis reactions with different types of diselenides are investigated systematically. Their exchange reaction rates and equilibrium conversions are compared in the aspects of the different diselenide structures, activation conditions and solvents. As a result, the metathesis reactions between diselenide small molecules are demonstrated with high dynamic and sensitive features, which can be broadly tuned by varying the electron affinity and aromaticity of the diselenide substituents and external conditions(e.g., solvent, stimulus mode). The current work thus will not only advance our understanding on diselenide metathesis chemistry, but also promote concrete and impactful studies in selenium-containing materials.  相似文献   
10.
《中国化学快报》2020,31(7):1914-1918
Unremitting efforts have been intensively making for pursuing the goal of the reversible transition of electrowetting owing to its vital importance to many practical applications, but which remains a major challenge for carbon nanotubes due to the irreversible electrochemical damage. Herein, we proposed a subtly method to prevent the CNT array from electrochemical damage by using liquid medium instead of air medium to form a liquid/liquid/solid triphase system. The dimethicone dynamically refills in CNT arrays after removing of voltage that makes the surface back to hydrophobic, which is an elegant way to not only decrease energy dissipation in electrowetting process but also obtain extra energy in reversible dewetting process. Repeated cycles of in situ experiments showed that more than four reversible electrowetting cycles could be achieved in air. It worth mention that the in situ reversible electrowetting voltage of the dimethicone infused CNT array has been lowered to 2 V from 7 V which is the electrowetting voltage for the pure CNT array. The surface of the dimethicone infused CNT array can maintain hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 145.6° after four cycles, compared with 148.1° of the initial state. Moreover, a novel perspective of theoretical simulations through the binding energy has been provided which proved that the charged CNTs preferred binding with water molecules thereby replacing the dimethicone molecules adsorbed on the CNTs, whereas reconnected with dimethicone after removing the charges. Our study provides distinct insight into dynamic reversible electrowetting on the nanostructured surface in air and supplies a way for precise control of wettability in surface chemistry, smart phase-change heat transfer enhancement, liquid lenses, microfluidics, and other chemical engineering applications.  相似文献   
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