单层MXene纳米片Ti2N电磁特性的过渡金属(Sc、V、Zr)掺杂效应

二维材料MXene纳米片由于具有较大的比表面积和较高的电子迁移率而受到广泛的关注。本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,对单层MXene纳米片Ti₂N电磁特性的过渡金属(Sc、V、Zr)掺杂效应进行了系统研究。结果表明,所有过渡金属掺杂体系结合能均为负值,结构均稳定;其中Ti₂N-Sc体系的形成能为-2.242 eV,结构更易形成,且保持稳定;掺杂后Ti₂N-Sc、Ti₂N-Zr体系磁矩增大;此外,Ti₂N-Sc体系中保留了较高的自旋极化率,达到84.9%,可预测该体系在自旋电子学中具有潜在的应用价值。     

天然冬虫夏草不同组分对小鼠肠道损伤修复的作用机制

采用乙醇和水从天然冬虫夏草里提取出6种不同组分,通过建立环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠肠道损伤模型,评价包括原料在内的7种组分对小鼠肠道损伤修复的作用机制。结果显示,各组分均能提高胸腺指数,减缓脾脏肿大,且能提高小肠紧密连接蛋白(Claudin-1、Occludin、ZO-1)表达,增加IgA分泌细胞数量、sIgA含量、Th17和Treg相关细胞因子(IL-17和TGF-β3)含量及转录因子(RORγt和Foxp3)的表达,实验结果表明天然冬虫夏草能够通过修复紧密连接和调节Th17/Treg平衡来修复环磷酰胺诱导的肠道损伤,为更好利用冬虫夏草提供了理论基础。     

石墨烯负载的氧配位钴单原子稳定金属锂负极

Lithium (Li)-based batteries are the dominant energy source for consumer electronics, grid storage, and electrified transportation. However, the development of batteries based on graphite anodes is hindered by their limited energy density. With its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh∙g⁻¹), low redox potential (−3.04 V), and satisfactorily low density (0.54 g∙cm⁻³), Li metal is the most promising anode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. Unfortunately, the limited cycling life and safety issues raised by dendrite growth, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and "dead Li" have inhibited their practical use. An effective strategy is to develop a suitable lithiophilic matrix for regulating initial Li nucleation behavior and controlling subsequent Li growth. Herein, single-atom cobalt coordinated to oxygen sites on graphene (Co-O-G SA) is demonstrated as a Li plating substrate to efficiently regulate Li metal nucleation and growth. Owing to its dense and more uniform lithiophilic sites than single-atom cobalt coordinated to nitrogen sites on graphene (Co-N-G SA), high electronic conductivity, and high specific surface area (519 m²∙g⁻¹), Co-O-G SA could significantly reduce the local current density and promote the reversibility of Li plating and stripping. As a result, the Co-O-G SA based Li anodes exhibited a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% at a current density of 1 mA∙cm⁻² with a capacity of 1 mAh∙cm⁻², and excellent rate capability (high current density of 8 mA∙cm⁻²). Even at a high plating capacity of 6 mAh∙cm⁻², the Co-O-G SA electrode could stably cycle for an ultralong lifespan of 1300 h. In the symmetric battery, the Co-O-G SA based Li anode (Co-O-G SA/Li) possessed a stable voltage profile of 18 mV for 780 h at 1 mA∙cm⁻², and even at a high current density of 3 mA∙cm⁻², its overpotential maintained a small hysteresis of approximately 24 mV for > 550 h. Density functional theory calculations showed that the surface of Co-O-G SA had a stronger interaction with Li atoms with a larger binding energy, −3.1 eV, than that of Co-N-G SA (−2.5 eV), leading to a uniform distribution of metallic Li on the Co-O-G SA surface. More importantly, when matched with a sulfur cathode, the resulting Co-O-G SA/lithium sulfur full batteries exhibited a high capacity of 1002 mAh∙g⁻¹, improved kinetics with a small polarization of 191 mV, and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.036% per cycle for 1000 cycles at 0.5C (1C = 1675 mA∙g⁻¹) with a steady Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%. Therefore, this work provides novel insights into the coordination environment of single atoms for the chemistry of Li metal anodes for high-energy-density batteries.     

水热法制备二氧化锡/钨酸铋复合光催化材料及其催化活性研究

本文用水热法制备了正交晶系的纳米球状结构的二氧化锡和正交晶系的由片状聚集成球状结构的钨酸铋,并且对二者进行了复合,制备出了二氧化锡/钨酸铋复合光催化材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积测试仪(BET)、紫外可见分光光度计等技术对复合样品的结构、形貌、比表面积、孔容孔径和光学性质进行了表征。用碘钨灯模拟太阳光,分别以二氧化锡、钨酸铋和二氧化锡/钨酸铋复合材料为催化剂降解罗丹明B(RhB),研究所制备的二氧化锡/钨酸铋复合材料的光催化活性。光催化90 min时二氧化锡、钨酸铋和二氧化锡/钨酸铋对罗丹明B的降解率分别是9%、22%和30%。实验结果表明,在可见光下,二氧化锡/钨酸铋复合材料的光催化活性要高于单一的二氧化锡和钨酸铋。     

栅极天线和NMOS耦合的CMOS太赫兹热探测器的设计与测试

设计了一种在室温工作的太赫兹热探测器.探测器由片上天线和温度传感器耦合而成.天线由NMOS温度传感器的栅极组成,吸收入射的太赫兹波将其转化为焦耳热,生成的热量引起的温度变化由温度传感器探测.整个探测器的探测过程分为电磁辐射吸收、波-热转换、热-电转换三个过程,并分别进行了建模分析,仿真得到天线吸收率为0.897,热转换效率为165K/W,热电转换效率为1.77mV/K.探测器基于CMOS 0.18μm工艺设计,工艺处理后将硅衬底打薄至300μm.探测器在3THz太赫兹环境下,入射功率为1mW时,电压响应率仿真值为262mV/W,测试值为148.83mV/W.     

GGA+U法研究稀土(La、Ce、Pr、Nd)掺杂对ZnO电子结构和光学性质的影响

基于GGA+U的第一性原理方法,分析了La、Ce、Pr、Nd四种元素掺杂的ZnO结构,对晶体的结构、电子结构和光学性质进行了对比分析.由键布局分析可知,掺杂体系Zn-O键共价性的强弱与杂质掺入原子的序数成正比.掺杂后体系的类型仍为直接跃迁,能级整体下移;随着Pr、Nd掺入,出现了杂质能级,这是由稀土元素的4f电子态所导致.在光学性质方面,掺杂体系的吸收系数、静介电常数都比纯ZnO的高,体系的吸收边都向低能方向移动,其中Zn7LaO8的红移程度最高、静介电常数最大,说明其光催化能力和极化能力都最强.     

基于椭圆拟合的医用内窥镜图像相对畸变率检测方法研究

为快速有效评价临床使用内窥镜图像相对畸变的程度,提出一种基于椭圆拟合的检测方法。对内窥镜采集到的标准板图像进行二值化处理和图像分割;运用anny算子对图像进行边缘检测并提取坐标值,通过最小二乘法拟合椭圆,求得椭圆参数;计算相对畸变率。对3支内窥镜进行了椭圆拟合和定位质心相对畸变率检测,结果显示相对畸变率在30%左右,一致性差在2%左右,椭圆拟合相较而言稳定性更好。