Pd and Ni complexes of a novel vinylidene β‐diketimine ligand: Their application as catalysts in Heck coupling and alkyne trimerization

A β‐diketimine ligand with vinylidene substitution at γ‐carbon, CH₂C(CH₃CNAr)₂ (Ar = 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) ( L ² ), was synthesized by treating β‐diketimine H₂C(CH₃CNAr)₂ with n ‐BuLi followed by paraformaldehyde. L ² formed the homobimetallic ether‐bridged β‐diketiminate complex [O{(CH₂‐β‐diketiminate)Pd(OAc)}₂] ( 1 ) with (PdOAc)₂. It also gave complexes [L²PdCl₂] ( 2 ) and [L²NiBr₂] ( 3 ) when treated with PdCl₂(CH₃CN)₂ and NiBr₂(dimethoxyethane), respectively. All the compounds were characterized using ¹H/¹³C NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The catalytic activity of Pd and Ni complexes 1 , 2 and 3 was explored in Heck coupling and alkyne trimerization reactions and it was found that they are very good catalysts. The results are reported in detail.     

Influence of ionic liquid counterions on activity and selectivity of ethylene trimerization using chromium-based catalysts in biphasic media

In recent years ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted much interest because of their widespread use in various fields. Several trimerization and oligomerization catalysts have been evaluated in ILs with different organic–inorganic hybrid structures. High catalytic activity and selectivity, easy product separation, and recycling of the catalyst are the advantages of a biphasic catalyst system compared to the homogeneous catalysts. In this study, the influence of IL counter-anions on activity and selectivity of the ethylene trimerization catalysts based on Cr-SNS-R was investigated. All synthesized materials were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, UV–Vis. spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, and elemental analysis (CHNS). In ethylene trimerization reaction, the dodecyl substituent in the SNS ligand exhibited better activity and selectivity than the butyl substituent. The results revealed that the presence of BF₄⁻ as a counter-anion in the IL led to an increase in activity and selectivity compared to Br⁻ and I⁻ counter-anions. It was found that the BF₄⁻ counter-anion plays a conclusive role in the development of 1-hexene activity and selectivity to a maximum amount of 71,132 g_1-C6/(g_Cr × h) and more than 99%, respectively. Finally, the catalyst was reused thrice without losing its 1-hexene selectivity.     

A step toward direct fullerene synthesis: C60 fullerene precursors with fluorine in key positions

Several fluorine containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with exact carbon atom topology of the C₆₀ fullerene have been synthesized. Different numbers of fluorine atoms were introduced in the key positions, as needed for an efficient intramolecular condensation to the fullerene molecule. The polycyclic aromatic compounds obtained represent attractive precursors for rational, high-yield fullerene synthesis by flash vacuum pyrolysis.     

Polymerization of monoisocyanates by the Pruitt–Baggett adduct

n-Butyl isocyanate (nBIC) was polymerized in bulk by the Pruitt–Baggett adduct (PBA) at ?23, 0.0, and 25.0°C. Polymerization was accompanied by trimerization to the cyclicisocyanurates at all temperatures. Spectroscopic evidences supported the nylon-1 structure for both trimer and polymer. The polymer/trimer ratio and the molecular weight of produced polymers were found to increase with decreasing temperature. The Pruitt–Baggett catalyst (PBC), which is the reaction product of (PBA + H₂O) system, also polymerized nBIC, but with a relatively slower rate. In aromatic and etheric solutions, nBIC was only trimerized by PBA. Copolymerization of nBIC with propylene oxide by PBA and PBC failed. Some selected monoisocyanates were also polymerized by PBA. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Direct synthesis of linear low‐density polyethylene of ethylene/1‐hexene from ethylene with a tandem catalytic system in a single reactor

Tandem catalysis offers a promising synthetic route to the production of linear low‐density polyethylene. This article reports the use of homogeneous tandem catalytic systems for the synthesis of ethylene/1‐hexene copolymers from ethylene stock as the sole monomer. The reported catalytic systems employ the tandem action between an ethylene trimerization catalyst, (η⁵‐C₅H₄CMe₂C₆H₅)TiCl₃ ( 1 )/modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO), and a copolymerization metallocene catalyst, [(η⁵‐C₅Me₄)SiMe₂(^tBuN)]TiCl₂ ( 2 )/MMAO or rac‐Me₂Si(2‐MeBenz[e]Ind)₂ZrCl₂ ( 3 )/MMAO. During the reaction, 1 /MMAO in situ generates 1‐hexene with high activity and high selectivity, and simultaneously 2 /MMAO or 3 /MMAO copolymerizes ethylene with the produced 1‐hexene to generate butyl‐branched polyethylene. We have demonstrated that, by the simple manipulation of the catalyst molar ratio and polymerization conditions, a series of branched polyethylenes with melting temperatures of 60–128 °C, crystallinities of 5.4–53%, and hexene percentages of 0.3–14.2 can be efficiently produced. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4327–4336, 2004     

Ho3+掺杂对六角YMn0.8Fe0.2O3微结构和磁性质的调控

本文利用高温固相反应法合成了六角Y_1-xHo_xMn_0.8Fe_0.2O₃多晶样品,研究Ho³⁺掺杂对YMn_0.8Fe_0.2O₃微结构以及磁性质的影响。X射线衍射和拉曼测量结果显示所有样品均为单相六角结构,当Ho³⁺掺杂浓度低于0.15时,晶格常数a、c,晶胞体积及Mn—O键长均随着掺杂浓度的增加而减小。A位稀土原子位移差以及拉曼声子模式的变化表明随着Ho³⁺掺杂比例增加,A位稀土原子相对于平面的偏移减小,MnO₅双锥体倾斜角减小,B位Mn³⁺的三聚作用被削弱,Mn³⁺—O^2-—Mn³⁺间超交换作用减弱,反铁磁(AFM)序被抑制,反铁磁转变温度下降。磁性测量显示低温下Y_0.9Ho_0.1Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₃的磁化强度显著增强,弱铁磁(WFM)序增加,归因于Ho³⁺加入后系统磁阻挫行为的降低及Ho³⁺—O^2-—Mn³⁺间自旋交换作用产生的铁磁序。这为进一步探索室温多铁性材料提供了思路。     

乙烯选择性三聚/四聚铬系催化剂及其齐聚机理研究进展

线性α-烯烃是一类重要的有机化工原料和中间体,其下游市场包括聚乙烯、合成润滑油、表面活性剂等,其中C4~C8 组分的消费量占全球线性α-烯烃消费量的一半以上。采用1-己烯和1-辛烯作为共聚单体生产的线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）和高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）产品具有优异的性能,被广泛用于薄膜、管材等领域。为了提高原子经济性,学术界和工业界一直致力于乙烯选择性三聚/四聚催化剂的设计与开发,而铬系催化剂是其中研究最广泛、最深入的体系。本文从配体、铬源、助催化剂、反应条件等方面综述了典型的铬系乙烯选择性三聚/四聚催化体系,包括雪佛龙菲利普斯乙烯三聚催化体系,Cr/PNP催化体系,以及其他N、P、Si配体等催化体系。在本文第二部分综述了乙烯选择性齐聚的相关机理提案,包括经典的Cossee-Arlman机理、单核金属环机理、双核金属环机理、双配位机理、及其他机理提案。