低喷淋密度超亲水表面水平管降液膜温度分布

水平管降液膜蒸发广泛应用在石油、化工、海水淡化等领域,对低喷淋密度温度演化规律的研究有助于拓宽其应用范围,理解其微观机理。本文在超亲水表面上结合红外热追踪技术,对水平管降液膜表面的温度演化规律进行了研究,分析了温度分区现象和温升规律。实验中首次发现了马鞍形液膜内部的高温环状结构,并结合三维数值模拟揭示了掺混作用导致的局部高温环状结构形成的内部机理。     

超亲水疏油材料的制备及其油水分离性能

含油污水的随意排放对海洋、沿海周边环境以及人类健康造成了严重的影响。传统的油水分离方法易造成环境二次污染,同时也是对有限资源的一种损耗。因此,如何高效环保地解决含油污水问题具有重要意义。物理过滤/吸附法被认为是一种高效环保的分离方法,基于仿生学原理,许多可用于物理选择性分离的超亲油疏水和超亲水疏油材料被制备出来。超亲油疏水材料易被油污染,重复利用率低;相比之下,超亲水疏油材料具有自清洁性且重复利用率高,在油水分离方面具有广阔的应用前景。根据基底材料的选择不同,本文综述了金属基以及高分子基超亲水疏油材料的研究现状,总结了其优缺点,并对今后超亲水疏油材料的研究方向和重点进行了展望。     

酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备高强度SiO2增透膜研究进展

高强度增透膜是用于减少表面反射、增加光线透光率的薄膜,具有密度低、折射率可调、耐磨性好的特点.本文综述了高强度增透膜的制备方法与研究进展,介绍了酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2溶胶的机理及影响因素,酸催化溶胶-凝胶法及两种辅助酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备高强度增透膜的方法,对高强增透膜制备的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望.     

一步阳极氧化法制备超亲水氧化铝

本文应用一步阳极氧化法在铝表面制作纳米粗糙结构的超亲水表面.考察控槽压、控电流及氧化时间对氧化铝表面超亲水性的影响.测试表明,控电流法更有利于制作超亲水表面,增大电流密度可缩短氧化时间,该法可制作稳定性好、机械强度高的超亲水氧化铝表面,富有潜在的应用价值.     

Study on the Superhydrophilicity of the SiO2-TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method at Room Temperature

Nanoscale SiO₂-TiO₂ composite thin films with the thickness of about 100 nm were prepared by sol-gel method at room temperature in air. The chemical states of the elements on the surface and near the surface were measured by XPS. The results showed that the Ti on/near the surface of the thin films existed not only as TiO₂ but also as Ti₂O₃. Part of the TiO₂ was changed to Ti₂O₃ after UV irradiation. The crystalline structure of the TiO₂ in the SiO₂-TiO₂ thin films was anatase with the crystallite size of 14–20 nm. It was found that the thin film prepared at room temperature in air has good superhydrophilic property and has strong adherence to the substrate.     

Plasma Hydrophilization of Superhydrophobic Surface and Its Aging Behavior: The Effect of Micro/nanostructured Surface

Plasma treatment is a versatile tool for surface modifications, and plasma‐induced hydrophilicity has a well‐known aging behavior. In this paper, plasma hydrophilization and the subsequent aging behavior of superhydrophobic and hydrophobic surfaces are comparatively investigated. Static water contact angle measurement and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that, compared with the hydrophobic surface, the superhydrophobic surface requires more plasma dose to completely change its wettability even after considering the difference in their initial wettability, and the corresponding aging speed is also obviously retarded. A tentative model based on the surface micro/nanostructures is presented to explain the results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Construction of superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic polydopamine‐modified h‐BN/poly(arylene ether nitrile) composite membrane for stable oil‐water emulsions separation

Oil/water emulsion separation in harsh environments remains a big challenge. Herein, a double layered nanofibrous composite membrane was developed by assembly of polydopamine‐modified hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN‐PDA) onto a poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PEN) nanofibrous mat. Owing to the synergistic effect of a h‐BN‐PDA skin layer and a PEN nanofibrous mat supporting layer, as‐prepared composite membrane exhibited high thermal stability, corrosion resistance, and superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic property. Consequently, the PEN composite membrane showed good antifouling performance and a high rejection ratio (>99.0%) for various oil/water emulsions. After 10 cycles, the separation flux of PEN composite membrane still reached 588.1 L/m² h under the operating pressure of 0.04 MPa. Furthermore, the PEN composite membrane could still achieve high separation efficiency and high flux in high‐temperature (65 °C) and strongly corrosive conditions (pH = 1‐13). Therefore, the stable and efficient h‐BN‐PDA/PEN composite membrane showed potential application for treating oily wastewater in harsh environments.     

超疏水表面黏附性的研究进展

结合作者课题组的相关工作,简要地论述了超疏水表面固液黏附性的主要影响因素和评价标准,介绍了天然和人工仿生具有特殊黏附性超疏水表面的研究进展,包括超疏水高黏附表面、超疏水低黏附表面、可控黏附性超疏水表面、各向异性黏滞力超疏水表面、黏滞力响应性智能超疏水表面以及超亲/超疏水图案表面制备及运用.特别介绍了作者研究小组在仿生可控黏滞力超疏表面制备以及超亲/超疏水图案表面运用的研究.最后对具有特殊黏附性超疏表面的研究进行总结和展望.     

超亲水表面制备方法及其应用

特殊浸润性表面由于其独特的浸润行为在液体输送、涂料、防水、建筑和医用材料等领域都有着重要的应用。作为一种典型的特殊浸润性表面,超亲水表面（与水的接触角接近于0°）具有防雾和自清洁的功能,在工业生产和实际生活中具有广泛的应用。本文总结了近年来超亲水表面的制备方法以及与超亲水性密切相关的其他特殊浸润性表面的研究进展,包括超...     

层层自组装结合后处理制备耐磨超亲水增透纳米粒子涂层

通过层层自组装方法制备的二氧化硅纳米粒子涂层由于具有增透、超亲水的良好性质,引起了广泛关注．然而,这种涂层的耐磨性往往达不到实际应用的要求．本工作尝试通过后处理来增强涂层耐磨性．首先采用自制二氧化硅纳米颗粒,聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵（PDDA）和聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（PSS）,通过层层自组装制备了PDDA／SiO2纳米粒子涂层...