MoO2@氮掺杂碳复合物的制备及其降解有机污染物

以多巴胺、钼酸铵、碳酸氢铵为原料，通过一步煅烧法合成一种 MoO₂@氮掺杂碳复合物(MoO₂@CN)，并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱(Raman)等对其进行表征。以卡马西平(CBZ)为目标污染物，以过一硫酸氢钾(PMS)为氧化剂，在温度为25 ℃、pH为6.5的条件下，MoO₂@CN/PMS在12 min内对CBZ的去除率达99.2%，与商用MoO₂相比，其表观速率常数k_obs(0.393 min^-1)是商用MoO₂(0.016 4 min^-1)的24.0倍，这主要是由于制备的MoO₂@CN比商用MoO₂具有更好的电子传输能力以及更大的比表面积。MoO₂@CN在 pH为 2.5~10.5时均能有效降解 CBZ，而且对大多数染料、酚类化合物、抗生素等多种污染物均具有良好的降解性能。此外，MoO₂@CN/PMS在60 min内对CBZ的总有机碳(TOC)去除率高达74.0%。电子顺磁共振波谱(EPR)和自由基猝灭实验显示MoO₂@CN/PMS体系中主要起作用是硫酸根自由基(SO₄^·-)和羟基自由基(·OH)。更有意思的是，在Fe²⁺/PMS体系加入MoO₂@CN后，其催化降解CBZ的性能显著增强，k_obs(1.25 min^-1)是单独Fe²⁺/PMS体系(0.079 7 min^-1)的15.7倍，这主要归因于MoO₂@CN的引入加快了Fe³⁺到Fe²⁺的转变，导致更多·OH的生成。     

A convenient and regioselective oxidative bromination of electron-rich aromatic rings using potassium bromide and benzyltriphenylphosphonium peroxymonosulfate under nearly neutral reaction conditions

Regioselective oxidative bromination of electron-rich aromatic rings has been studied using potassium bromide as a bromine source in the presence of benzyltriphenylphosphonium peroxymonosulfate as oxidant under nearly neutral reaction conditions. In most cases we obtained monobrominated derivatives regioselectively and in good to high yields without the aid of strong acids.     

钴掺杂的铁酸铋催化PMS氧化单质汞的实验研究

采用酒石酸溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列的钴掺杂的铁酸铋催化剂(BiFe_(1-x)Co_xO_3,x=5%-20%,x为Co/CoFe物质的量比),借助于X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积(BET)、磁强振动计(VSM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行表征。在自制鼓泡反应器内,利用钴掺杂铁酸铋活化过一硫酸氢钾(PMS),开展了模拟烟气中单质汞脱除实验,获得反应的最佳条件。当钴掺杂量为10%,催化剂用量为0.5 g/L,PMS浓度为3.9 mmol/L,溶液初始pH值为8,反应温度70℃时,反应100 min内Hg~0的平均脱除效率达89.36%。以乙醇和叔丁醇为淬灭剂,证明了·OH和SO~(·-)_4为Hg~0催化氧化的活性物种,且SO~(·-)_4起主要作用,并结合XPS分析结果推测了脱汞反应机理。     

Microwave Assisted Conversion of Oximes and Semicarbazones to Carbonyl Compounds Using Benzyltriphenylphosphonium Peroxymonosulfate

Summary.  Benzyltriphenylphosphonium peroxymonosulfate in the presence of catalytic amounts of bismuth chloride was found to be an efficient and mild reagent for the oxidative cleavage of oximes and semicarbazones to the corresponding carbonyl compounds under microwave irradiation. Corresponding author. E-mail: haji@cc.iut.ac.ir Received March 4, 2002; accepted (revised) April 8, 2002     

Selective Oxidation of Clopidogrel by Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and Sodium Halide (NaX) System: An NMR Study

A selective transformation of clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (CLP) by reactive halogen species (HOX) generated from peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and sodium halide (NaX) is described. Other sustainable oxidants as well as different solvents have also been investigated. As result of this study, for each sodium salt the reaction conditions were optimized, and four different degradation products were formed. Three products were halogenated at C-2 on the thiophene ring and have concomitant functional transformation, such as N-oxide in the piperidine group. A halogenated endo-iminium product was also observed. With this condition, a fast preparation of known endo-iminium clopidogrel impurity (new counterion) was reported as well. The progress of the reaction was monitored using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as an analytical tool and all the products were characterized by 1D-, 2D-NMR and HRMS.     

Formation of CaCO3 deposits on OMS‐2 surface to synergistically promote peroxymonosulfate activation and organic dyes degradation

The development of green and efficient catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and organic pollutants degradation has received widespread attention. In this study, the hybrid CaCO₃/OMS‐2 catalysts were prepared by a simple precipitation approach and characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, N₂ adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. It was found that deposition of CaCO₃ on OMS‐2 surface can weaken the Mn‐O bond by formation of Ca‐O‐Mn bond. The interactions between CaCO₃ and OMS‐2 significantly enhanced Acid Orange 7 degradation in the presence of PMS with a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic constant of 0.21 min^?1, which was much higher than those of OMS‐2 (0.026 min^?1) and CaCO₃ (0.021 min^?1). The CaCO₃/OMS catalysts were also much more efficient than other reported OMS‐2 hybrid catalysts, and could be performed over a wide solution pH and for other organic dyes degradation. Sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were formed from the oxidation of low valent manganese species by PMS as the active species in the system. This study can provide a simple method for the design of efficient manganese‐based hybrids for wastewater remediation via PMS activation.     

铕掺杂对Co3O4活化过一硫酸盐降解亚甲基蓝性能的增强

以Co （NO₃）₂和Eu （NO₃）₃为原料,采用草酸盐-热分解法制得了系列不同Co/Eu比例（n_Co/n_Eu）的多孔双金属复合氧化物催化剂,并对其活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）降解亚甲基蓝（MB）的性能进行对比评价。结果表明,按n_Co/n_Eu=9制得的材料（Co₉Eu₁）具有最为优异的活化PMS降解MB的性能。在温度为25℃、催化剂用量和PMS浓度分别为0.10 g·L^-1和0.6 mmol·L^-1的反应条件下,Co₉Eu₁/PMS体系对MB的降解率可达86.66%,而纯Co₃O₄催化下的MB降解率仅为52.62%。Co₉Eu₁出色的催化性能是由于Eu³⁺的缺电子特性增强了对吸附于催化剂表面PMS的极化而使其更易被主催化成分Co₃O₄活化。体系中阴离子C₂O₄^2-和HCO₃^-的存在对Co₉Eu₁/PMS氧化降解MB的性能具有明显抑制作用。猝灭实验和电子顺磁共振谱（EPR）证实Co₉Eu₁/PMS体系中同时存在SO₄^-·、·OH和·O₂^-三种自由基型活性物种以及¹O₂非自由基型活性物种,其中SO₄^-·对MB的氧化降解起关键作用。Co₉Eu₁具有良好的稳定性,在连续4次循环使用中其催化性能未见明显变化。     

流动注射后化学发光法测定阿米卡星

过氧化单硫酸盐具有很强的氧化性,本实验发现,在pH=11.5的条件下,过氧化单硫酸盐(PMS)可以氧化鲁米诺(Luminol)产生瞬时化学发光,发光结束后注入阿米卡星又会出现很强的慢速后化学发光.结合流动注射的方法,利用此体系建立了流动注射后化学发光测定阿米卡星的新方法,并对其后化学发光反应的动力学性质、化学发光光谱进行了研究,讨论了可能的反应机理.阿米卡星浓度在4.0×10-5～8.0×10-2 g/L范围内与发光强度呈良好的线性关系,检出限(3σ)为1×10-5 g/L,相对标准偏差为2.9%.本方法具有选择性好、操作简单、分析速度快和重复性好等优点,已成功用于尿液中阿米卡星含量的测定,结果令人满意.     

基于硫酸根自由基的先进氧化活化方法及其在有机污染物降解上的应用

基于硫酸根自由基(SO₄^.-)的先进(高级)氧化法(AOPs)因其对新型有机污染物的高降解能力和高适应性而受到越来越多的关注。相比羟基自由基(·OH),SO₄^.-的选择性更好、还原电位更高、半衰期更长、pH范围更宽且成本更低,因而能更有效的降解污染物。SO₄^.-可由过一硫酸盐(PMS)或过二硫酸盐(PDS)等过硫酸盐(PS)通过热、机械化学、过渡金属、碳质材料、碱、紫外(UV)或电化学等方法活化产生。本文分析了不同活化方法的优缺点及其应用于有机污染物降解上的研究进展,总结了SO₄^.-降解含不同官能团污染物的三种机理(加成作用、夺氢作用和直接电子转移),并综述了SO₄^.-降解持久性有机污染物(POPs)、“伪持久性有机污染物”——药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)及有机染料三大类有机污染物的降解途径、降解产物及其研究进展,最后展望了该技术未来的研究方向。     

Effect of Cobalt(II) and Manganese(II) on the Chemiluminescent Reaction of Peroxymonosulfate with Humic Acid and Some Organic Compounds. Analytical Applications

Abstract

The intensity of the radiation emitted by humic acid (HA) in the presence of SO₅ ^2? in basic medium was used to determine HA in the range up to 20.0 mg l^?1. The detection limit was 0.24 mg l^?1. The addition to the sample of 50 mg l^?1 of Co(II) or Mn(II), as EDTA complexes or chloride salts, enhanced the radiation emission as a result of the formation of strong oxidant radicals such as SO₅ ^??, SO₄ ^??, and HO^?. In the presence of these metal ions, the oxidation of HA and the catalytic decomposition of SO₅ ^2? occur simultaneously. Low concentration of HA in natural waters can be detected. HA was replaced by some model organic compounds. The marked chemiluminescent (CL) signals followed the order: phloroglucinol>fulvic acid>humic acid>resorcinol>pyrogallol>cathecol>hydroquinone.