Gastrodin interaction with human fibrinogen: anticoagulant effects and binding studies

In an effort to identify the anticoagulant activity of gastrodin (GAS) and to investigate the possibility of its use as a novel anticoagulant drug, the binding characteristics of GAS to human fibrinogen (Fg) were studied by using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor, anticoagulant animal experiments, and a molecular docking simulation. Real-time kinetic analysis with the QCM biosensor revealed that the in vitro binding of GAS to Fg was strong under physiological ionic conditions as the determined equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) was 1.94 x 10(-6) M. To check whether this strong binding may influence the natural coagulation function of Fg, the in vivo effect of GAS on the coagulation system of rats was examined. The results showed that GAS can significantly prolong the coagulation time (CT) and decrease the Fg content, while it had no effect on the activated kaolin partial thromboplastin time (KPTT) or prothrombin time (PT) in rats. To clarify the mechanism of the specific interaction, a molecular docking simulation was also performed to provide reasonable binding models for the interaction of GAS with Fg at the atomic level. GAS binds strongly to the inherent polymerization sites "a" and "b" (holes) on the Fg molecule with similar binding free energies of about -34 kJ mol(-1). Altogether, these findings confirmed first that GAS possesses anticoagulant activity and that the possible anticoagulation mechanism of GAS mainly involves its interference with the knob-to-hole interactions between fibrin molecules, thereby effectively inhibiting the formation of clots and decreasing the risk of thrombosis. The study has also shown the potential usefulness of QCM biosensor technology for the rapid screening of drug-protein interactions.     

苷类化合物研究Ⅱ——熊果苷和天麻苷类似物的NMR研究

本文用NMR的~1H谱和~(13)C谱确定了一系列万同取代基的熊果苷类似物和天麻苷类似物的结构,研究了熊果苷类似物的端基构型,指出了不同构型图谱的特征,用所得的结论推断出天麻苷类似物的端基构型为β型.     

亲水性分子印迹聚合物的制备及其在天麻素分析检测中的应用

以天麻素为模板分子,α-1-烯丙基-2-N-乙酰胺基葡萄糖为新型亲水性功能单体,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,合成了对天麻素有高选择性的亲水性分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)。吸附结果表明,MIPs能够特异性识别天麻素。对MIPs吸附剂性能的考察证明,亲水性天麻素MIPs可作为固相萃取(SPE)吸附剂分离纯化天麻素。方法验证实验显示了良好的回收率(90.4%~97.1%)和精密度(3.3%~5.2%,n=5)。该文以新型亲水性功能单体为基础,建立了天麻素的分子印迹固相萃取样品前处理方法。     

苷类化合物研究Ⅱ——熊果苷和天麻苷类似物的NMR研究

本文用NMR的¹H谱和¹³C谱确定了一系列万同取代基的熊果苷类似物和天麻苷类似物的结构,研究了熊果苷类似物的端基构型,指出了不同构型图谱的特征,用所得的结论推断出天麻苷类似物的端基构型为β型.     

Relative tissue distribution and excretion studies of gastrodin and parishin from powder and extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma in rat by UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS

New research has indicated that Gastrodiae Rhizome (GR) has potential anti‐diabetic and anti‐asthmatic effects in mouse models. On the basis of our previous study of the relative bioavailability of gastrodin (GAS) and parishin (PA) from extract and powder of GR, we performed further research on the tissue distribution and excretion of the two analytes. A reliable bioanalytical method for the quantification of GAS and PA in rat tissues and excretion is required. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile–water with 0.1% formic acid. Calibration curves (1/x ² weighted) offered satisfactory linearity (r ² > 0.9835) within 100–3000 ng mL⁻¹ for GAS and (r ² > 0.9862) within 10–1000 ng mL⁻¹ for PA. The relative standard deviations of the intra‐day and inter‐day precision were all <14.98%, whilst the relative errors of the intra‐day and inter‐day accuracy were all within ±14.71%. The matrix effect and recovery values were satisfactory in all of the biological matrices examination. The data of relative differences in tissue distribution and excretion of GAS and PA from powder and extract of GR indicated that higher bioavailabilities for GAS and PA were obtained when a dosage of 4 g kg⁻¹ GR powder was used.     

漆酚酯键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的制备与应用

以甲基丙烯酸漆酚酯为色谱配体,制备了一种新型色谱固定相。首先以漆酚和甲基丙烯酰氯为原料制备得到甲基丙烯酸漆酚酯,并通过物理吸附涂覆到由3-（甲基丙烯酰氧）丙基三甲氧基硅烷化学修饰的硅胶上,再通过自由基引发与硅烷化硅胶的双键聚合制得漆酚酯键合硅胶固定相（USP）。对固定相进行傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、热重分析（TGA）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和元素分析（EA）表征,结果表明通过共聚反应成功地将漆酚酯固定在硅烷化硅胶上,且制备出的固定相具有良好的单分散性。采用匀浆法装柱,以乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液（3：97,v/v）为流动相,流速为0.4 mL/min,检测波长为220 nm,考察固定相对天麻浸膏的分离性能。以乙腈-水（50：50,v/v）为流动相,流速为0.5 mL/min,检测波长为290 nm,考察固定相对吴茱萸浸膏的分离性能。结果表明该固定相对天麻浸膏和吴茱萸浸膏均具有良好的分离性能,从天麻浸膏中分离出5个色谱峰,从吴茱萸浸膏中分离出2个色谱峰。与商品化C₁₈ 柱相比,USP柱可以从天麻浸膏中分离出更多的有效组分并实现基线分离,分离吴茱萸浸膏的色谱条件更为环保和安全。采用低流速对天麻浸膏和吴茱萸浸膏进行分离,减少了流动相的使用量,分离结果令人满意。以天然产物漆酚制备色谱固定相,既为分离纯化天麻素和吴茱萸碱提供了一种新的方法,又为液相色谱固定相制备提供了新的思路,还拓展了生漆在色谱分离材料方面的应用。     

紫外导数分光光度法测定天麻中的天麻素和天麻甙元

样品用甲醇冷浸法提取。选用甲醇-乙醚(1 1)作为混合溶剂,采用二阶导数光谱可分离出天麻素和天麻甙元的吸收峰,在310～270nm间扫描,即可同时测定天麻中的天麻素和天麻甙元。方法简便,结果准确。样品中的其它组分不干扰测定。     

Neuroprotective activity of different monosaccharide-modified gastrodin analogs

Gastrodin is a very important and well-known bioactive glycoside compound in Chinese medicine. It is also known as a drug with neuroprotective function. Here, a practical diversified synthesis of a series of gastrodin analogs was reported, which involved four-step procedures consisting of bromination, oxidation, etherification, and reduction. Various gastrodin analogs were obtained in good yields. The compound 4c in this study has a good neuroprotective function: it can significantly downregulate tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein levels. The results of this study can provide a research basis for the development of neuroprotective drugs.     

毛细管电泳法测定天麻素对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的抑制

阿尔茨海默症（AD）是引起中老年人痴呆最常见的疾病。目前治疗AD的药物主要为乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂（AChEI）。建立快速地从天然产物中筛选AChEI的方法,将对临床治疗AD产生积极的作用。该研究建立了一种简单可靠的AChEI筛选新方法。通过海美溴铵在毛细管内壁形成一段正电荷涂层,再经过离子吸附作用制备1.5 cm长的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）反应器。底物碘化乙酰硫代胆碱在0.015 MPa压力下进样10 s,在微酶反应器中停留1 min后采用毛细管电泳（CE）法对底物和酶解产物进行分离。天麻素是天麻的重要药效成分之一,对AChE具有抑制作用。该研究以天麻素为例,根据加入药物前后酶解产物峰面积的差异,完成天麻素对AChE活性的抑制能力的测定。结果表明,随着天麻素浓度的增加,产物峰面积逐渐减小,对AChE的活性抑制变大。该方法所建微酶反应器产物峰面积的RSD值小于5.3%,可连续使用300次。当天麻素浓度为5.24 μmol/L时,对AChE活性抑制率达到64.8%。根据加入不同浓度天麻素时的抑制率,测定出天麻素的IC₅₀值为（2.26±0.14）μmol/L（R²=0.9983）。与传统紫外分光光度法所得结果（2.09±0.18）μmol/L吻合较好。固定化酶微反应器的活性变差时,可以洗脱掉固定在柱上的AChE,重复酶的固定化步骤即可完成再生。该方法简单、高效,运行成本低,柱上固定的AChE酶反应器稳定性较好,可重复使用,极大地提高了工作效率,未来有望应用于各类AChEI的高通量筛选,对AD药物的研发具有积极作用。