Synthesis of Cationic PEM Emulsion and Application in Waste Water Treatment

Cationic polymer as a kind of flocculant is widely applied in purification treatment of waste water. Because it has positive charge group, it is able to connect strongly the suspended matters, short cellulose and other microparticles. The research on synthesis of cationic polymer and application in treatment of waste water is very universal abroad. But domestic research on those is not general. The technology of synthesis of PEM is simple, and the production cost is low. It is easy to apply in treatment of waste water.Synthesis of PEM Emulsion FlocculantSome distilled water, PVA(poly(vinyl alcohol)), EA(ethyl acrylate), and K2S2O8(potassium persulfate) were put into reaction vessel. Kept stirring up under nitrogen. When heated the solution to 40℃, dropped the water solution of MTA[(2-methacryloxylethyl)trimethyl ammonium].Maintained the temperature at 70℃, reacted about 7-8 hours. Then got the PEM emulsion. Changed the ratio of EA and MTA. Obtained a series of PEM emulsions.Stability and Convertibility of PEM EmulsionThe test results showed that when the EA/MTA was 85/15, the PEM emulsion was most stable.When the total monomer quantity was 35%, the convertibility of PEM emulsion was the highest,i.e.98.6%.The MTA Copolymerization Ratio and Morphology of PEM EmulsionWhen the monomers EA/MTA=85/15 and total monomer quantity was 35%, the MTA copolymerization ratio of PEM emulsion was 95.15%(the highest), and the PEM emulsion was some microspheres with 100-180nm of diameter.The Test Results of PEM Emulsion in Treatment of Waste Water The PEM emulsion flocculant was applied in treatment of waste water of paper mill, and measured the precipitation time(t) and transmittancy(T). The test results were showed in table 1. The optimum value of PEM which was able to make the waste water of paper mill into clear water was 0.008%.     

高分子阳离子絮凝剂用于炼油废水处理研究

用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵型高分子阳离子絮凝剂处理炼油废水考察了险油和化学耗氧量的动态变化规律。对产生的浮渣性质及滤饼的成份进行了研究。并且与聚合铝的处理效果进行对照。研究结果表明，ＨＣＡ除油和化学耗管氧量的性能优于ＰＡＣ，ＨＣＡ产生的浮渣是ＰＡＣ的三分之一，而浮渣中的含油量则是ＰＡＣ的三倍。     

Grafting polyelectrolytes onto polyacrylamide for flocculation 1. Polymer synthesis and characterization

Low-molecular-weight high-charge-density cationic diallyldimethylammonium chloride homopolymer (polyDADMAC) was grafted onto high-molecular-weight nonionic polyacrylamide (PAM) via a free radical mechanism using a gamma radiation technique. The graft copolymer systems were characterized in terms of viscosity, composition, gel content, degree of grafting and grafting efficiency. Degree of grafting was a strong function of radiation dose, dose rate and polyelectrolyte concentration. Gels were formed at high radiation doses and high PAM levels. Crosslinking between the electrolyte polymers was limited due to electrostatic repulsion. Gelation was mainly caused by coupling of PAM chains. High grafting efficiency was achieved: the lower the poly(DADMAC) concentration, the higher the grafting efficiency observed. The grafting mechanism and the effect of ion interactions on copolymer structural properties are also elucidated and discussed. Received: 6 April 1998 Accepted in revised form: 28 August 1998     

2种天然絮凝剂对薄荷水提液的絮凝研究和比较

为了克服传统中药提取工艺中有效成分损失率高、生产成本高、工艺复杂等缺点,采用天然无毒的高分子絮凝剂壳聚糖和矿物絮凝剂膨润土对薄荷水提液进行净化除杂.利用间歇试验方法,以絮凝率和总黄酮损失率作为指标,考察了絮凝剂用量、温度、搅拌速度等因素对絮凝效果的影响,并利用正交试验确定了薄荷水提液的最佳絮凝条件.结果表明,壳聚糖絮凝效果优于膨润土,当壳聚糖投加量为0.741g·L-1,絮凝温度30℃,搅拌速度40r·min-1时,絮凝率可达到92.75%,总黄酮损失率为10.75%.在此基础上,通过絮凝前后粒径比较及絮体形态分析,对中药絮凝机理进行了深入探讨.     

絮凝剂产生菌(DSF-1)絮凝活性研究(Ⅰ)

采用稀释划线法从土壤中分离得到一株絮凝剂产生菌DSF-1。通过高岭土悬浮液对该絮凝剂的絮凝活性做了初步研究,结果表明DSF-1产絮凝剂具有产生速度快、絮凝活性高、耐热性能良好的优点。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌絮凝活性研究(II)

从福州郊区旱田地表土壤中分离得到一株絮凝剂产生菌,根据菌落形态特征,初步鉴定为链球菌。研究表明,培养基组成如下:碳源为蔗糖,氮源为牛肉膏,培养基初始pH值为5~8.5之间能取得较好的效果,添加一定浓度的Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+对培养液的絮凝活性有促进作用,而培养液中少量的Cu2+、Fe3+、Zn2+可抑制絮凝活性,该絮凝剂对高岭土悬浮液有较好的絮凝效果。结合实验现象和双电层理论初步推测了该絮凝剂的絮凝过程模型,对进一步研究微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理有一定的参考作用。     

新型天然有机高分子阳离子改性絮凝剂的制备

玉米芯;新型天然有机高分子阳离子改性絮凝剂的制备     

新型杂化絮凝剂PAC-PDMDAAC对染料废水的脱色光谱分析

用新型杂化絮凝剂聚合氯化铝-聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PAC-PDMDAAC)处理分散紫和活性艳红两种染料废水。杂化絮凝剂投药量为400和450 mg·L-1时,分散紫和活性艳红的脱色率分别达到99%和86.8%,优于聚合氯化铝(PAC)和复配型PAC-PDMDAAC。杂化絮凝剂处理分散紫的最佳pH为7～12,而处理活性艳红的最佳pH为7～9。分别对两种染料及其杂化絮体进行傅里叶红外光谱扫描,结果表明杂化絮凝剂与两种染料分子的某些基团有络合作用,杂化絮体中羟基峰增大且宽化,杂化絮凝剂对染料废水的脱色以吸附电中和为主。对染料原水以及混凝后上清液进行紫外连续扫描,两种上清液的吸光度都大大降低,同时吸收曲线波峰偏移,进一步说明电中和与吸附架桥的协同作用是脱色的主要机理。同时,杂化絮凝剂对分散紫的脱色是通过破坏醚键以及与—NH₂反应,而对活性艳红的脱色则是通过对—SO₃的置换以及对Cl-的取代。为该新型无机-有机高分子杂化絮凝剂混凝脱色效能及脱色机理研究提供新方法,具有实际意义和应用价值。     

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOPOLYMER FLOCCULANT

The biopolymer flocculant （named PS-2） producing by Pseudomonas fluorescens was investigated. The PS-2 had high efficiency with small dosage, when dealing with kaolin suspension, formed larger floc, with big sedimentation rate, over a wide range of temperatures. Distributing of flocculating activity test showed that the biopolymer flocculant was an extracellular product. The composition analysis of purified biopolymer flocculant showed that it composed mainly of polysaccharide and nucleic acid. The content of polysaccharide was 86. 7%, which determined by using phenol-vitriol method, and the content of nucleic acid was 7.8%, which determined by UV absorption method. The biopolymer flocculant as a powder form showed much better stability than that as a supernatant. The character of biopolymer flocculant was stable even it was heated to 100℃ when it in acidic condition. The optimal conditions to flocculate kaolin suspension were as follows： pH 8-12, flocculant dosage lmL/L, and Ca^2＋ as the optimal cation.     

有机高分子与聚合硫酸铁的复配特性

研究了水溶性有机高分子(OP)与聚合硫酸铁(PFS)的复配特点,从分子结构和溶剂化角度探讨了OP在PFS中的稳定机制,并采用FT-IR、SEM和X射线衍射探讨了OP与PFS的相互作用.结果表明:具有吡咯环结构的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、聚二乙基二烯丙基氯化铵和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮能与PFS复配,且具有较好的稳定性;OP与PFS形成了互相融合的复合体系,主要与PFS中Fe4.67(SO4)6(OH)2.20H2O物相发生相互作用.