High effects of smoke suppression and char formation of Ni?Mo/Mg(OH)2 for polypropylene

The Ni? Mo/Mg(OH)₂ (NMM) hybrid as an efficient flame retardancy and smoke suppression composite for polypropylene (PP) was synthesized through Ni? Mo co‐precipitation on the surface of Mg(OH)₂ (MH) hexagonal nanosheets. Compared to PP/MH, PP/NMM exhibited excellent smoke suppressing and flame retardancy on the heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate, total smoke production, CO production rate and total CO production with the same loading. The reduced hazard of PP/NMM was mainly attributed to the high physical barrier effect of compact char residues on heat, smoke and combustible gas. The mechanism study indicated that multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) generated from the catalytic carbonization of PP by the Ni? Mo compound could play the role of “rebar” to strengthen the char residues, avoid the generation of cracks and form highly compact char layer. Furthermore, MgO could facilitate the production of MWCNTs through changing the pyrolysis process of PP and increasing the reaction time between pyrolysis gas and Ni? Mo compound. Hence, the new Ni? Mo/MH catalyst hybrid may explore the potential for solving the tough problem of the flammability and heavy smoke of the polyolefins system.     

Visible light mediated metal-free oxidative aromatization of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazolines

The visible light mediated oxidation of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazolines under metal-free conditions was developed. Various substituted pyrazolines were oxidized to pyrazoles by irradiation with visible light/sunlight. A plausible mechanism was proposed for the light mediated oxidation proceeding via formation of intermediates with electron rich C-3 positions and electron deficient C-5 positions. Correlation between the electronic effect induced by the aryl substituents and the rate of oxidation was studied by UV–vis spectroscopy. This correlation study supported the proposed mechanism. Electron withdrawing substituents at the 3-phenyl group and electron releasing substituents at the 5-phenyl group enhanced the rate of oxidation; whereas, electron donating substituents at the 3-phenyl group and electron withdrawing substituents at the 5-phenyl group reduced the rate.     

Tetrasubstituted Peropyrenes Formed by Reductive Aromatization: Synthesis,Functionalization and Characterization

The chromophore class of 1,3,8,10-tetrasubstituted peropyrenes was effectively synthesized from peropyrenequinone via a Zn-mediated reductive aromatization approach. In one step, a symmetric functionalization of the peropyrene backbone introducing silylethers ( 2 , 3 ), pivaloyl ( 4 ), triflyl ( 5 ) and also phosphinite ( 6 ) groups was established. Furthermore, the potential of using 4 and 5 in transition metal catalysed cross couplings was explored leading to 1,3,8,10-tetraaryl ( 8 - 11 ) and tetraalkynyl ( 7 ) peropyrenes. The influence of various substituents on the optoelectronic properties of these π-system extended peropyrenes was investigated in solid state by means of X-ray crystallography, in solution by means of UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and by their redox properties studied via cyclic voltammetry. By comparison with DFT and TD-DFT calculations, it could be elucidated that introduction of a broad variety of substituents in such versatile one or two step procedures leads to peropyrenes with easily tunable HOMO and LUMO energies ranging in a gap window of 0.8 eV. The frontier molecular orbital energies identify the target molecules as promising candidates for hole transporting semiconductors.     

金属氧化物和硅沉积改性 ZnO/SiO2/ZSM-5的甲醇择形芳构化反应催化研究

采用真空浸渍法对ZSM-5分子筛进行硅沉积和负载金属修饰,制备了复合改性的ZnO/SiO₂/ZSM-5催化剂,并将它应用于甲醇择形芳构化反应中。采用XRD、BET、NH₃-TPD、SEM、TEM等方法对制备的催化剂进行了物化表征。考察硅沉积次数和ZnO负载量对甲醇芳构化反应(MTA)中对二甲苯(PX)的选择性和收率的影响。结果表明,两次硅沉积改性并负载2.0%金属ZnO的ZSM-5分子筛具有较高的PX收率,在优化的反应温度420 ℃、反应压力0.2 MPa、甲醇空速WHSV为1.25 h^-1下,PX收率在28%以上。     

2,9-Diazadibenzoperylene and 2,9-Dimethyldibenzoperylene-1,3,8,10-tetratriflates: Key to Functionalized 2,9-Diazaperopyrenes

The synthesis of 2,9-diaza-1,3,8,10-tetratriflato-dibenzoperylene (DDP 3 a ) and corresponding 2,9-dimethyl-1,3,8,10-tetratriflato-dibenzoperylene (DBP 3 b ) has been developed at multigram scale via reduction of one of the industrially most important high-performance dyes, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI), and of the corresponding dihydroxy peropyrenequinone precursor. The focus of this paper is on the reactivity pattern of 3 a as key intermediate towards highly functionalized 2,9-diazadibenzopyrelenes (DDPs) obtained via catalytic substitution of four triflate by aryl, heteroaryl, alkynyl, aminyl, and O-phosphanyl substituents. The influence of electron-donating substituents (OSiMe₃, OPt-Bu₂, N-piperidinyl), electron-withdrawing (OTf, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl), and of electron-rich π-conjugated (2-thienyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, trimethylsilyl-ethynyl) substituents on optoelectronic and structural properties of these functionalized DDPs has been investigated via XRD analyses, UV/Vis, PL spectroscopy, and by electroanalytical CV. These results were correlated to results of DFT and TD-DFT calculations. Thus, functionalized DPPs with easily tunable HOMO and LUMO energies and gap became available via a new and reliable synthetic strategy starting from readily available PTCDI.     

Carbazoles from the [4C+2C] Reaction of 2,3‐Allenols with Indoles

A mild and efficient method using readily available 1‐aryl‐2,3‐allenols and unprotected‐N indoles, Au⁺‐catalyzed cyclization, and aromatization to afford the final [4C+2C] products, carbazoles 4, with an excellent selectivity, is reported. The reaction demonstrates excellent regioselectivity and allows the N?H unit to undergo reactivity unprotected. A mechanism involving a spiropolycyclic intermediate has been proposed and synthetic application is also demonstrated.     

Copper Causes Regiospecific Formation of C4F8‐Containing Six‐Membered Rings and their Defluorination/Aromatization to C4F4‐Containing Rings in Triphenylene/1,4‐C4F8I2 Reactions

The presence of Cu in reactions of triphenylene (TRPH) and 1,4‐C₄F₈I₂ at 360 °C led to regiospecific substitution of TRPH ortho C(β) atoms to form C₄F₈‐containing rings, completely suppressing substitution on C(α) atoms. In addition, Cu caused selective reductive‐defluorination/aromatization (RD/A) to form C₄F₄‐containing aromatic rings. Without Cu, the reactions of TRPH and 1,4‐C₄F₈I₂ were not regiospecific and no RD/A was observed. These results, supported by DFT calculations, are the first examples of Cu‐promoted 1) regiospecific perfluoroannulation, 2) preparative C?F activation, and 3) RD/A. HPLC‐purified products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, low‐temperature PES, and ¹H/¹⁹F NMR.     

SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物固体酸催化剂的长叶烯芳构化催化性能

本工作用溶胶-凝胶法制备不同组成的SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物固体酸催化剂,用微型催化反应评价结合X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、孔结构/BET表面积测试和NH3-程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等表征了SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物固体酸催化剂结构、表面酸性和长叶烯芳构化催化性能。复合氧化物固体酸SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂具有优良的长叶烯芳构化催化性能,并且其芳构化催化性能与催化剂组成和表面酸性密切相关。随催化剂中nZr/(nZr+nTi)增加,催化剂表面中等强度的酸中心量增加,芳构化产物选择性和收率明显增加,在nZr/(nZr+nTi)=0.5时达极大值。随nZr/(nZr+nTi)进一步增加,不仅催化剂表面酸中心量减少、原料转化率明显下降,而且催化剂酸强度增强,导致芳构化产物选择性和收率下降。催化长叶烯芳构化的二元复合氧化物固体酸SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂适宜的组成为nZr/(nZr+nTi)=0.5。     

Copper‐Catalyzed NH Insertion and Oxidative Aromatization Cascade: Facile Synthesis of 2‐Arylaminophenols

A copper‐catalyzed cascade reaction of N‐H insertion and oxidative aromatization has been developed. 2‐Arylaminophenols have been prepared in moderate to high yields from the diazo substrates. Moreover, this newly established methodology allows efficient access to natural 1‐oxygenated carbazole alkaloids, such as glycozolicine and murrayafoline A.