Action potential-induced fluorescence changes resolved with an optical fiber carrying excitation light

With the use of a single, implantable, optical fiber, to excite fluorescence and detect changes from voltage-sensitive dyes, transmembrane potential changes were measured without the need for a clear line-of-sight path between the excitation light, the tissue, and the detector. In a previous study, we were required to use signal averaging and could detect only cardiac action potentials from frog. In the present study we improved this system so that unaveraged cardiac action potentials were resolved with high fidelity, and action potentials from single nerve axons were detected. Endeavors to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio resulted in the selection of a larger core fiber with a rounded tip, styryl dyes, and filters based upon fluorescence spectra of the dyes when bound to membrane (rather than in solution). The frog gave signals nearly comparable in magnitude and signal-to-noise ratio to those seen with systems that use a fluorescence microscope. Action potential-induced signals could be detected in single lobster axons with the intracellular injection of a dye. The improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio allowed the use of a reduced-intensity excitation illumination which produced less bleaching of the dye.     

Optical recording of brain functions based on voltage-sensitive dyes

To better understand the spatial distribution of brain functions, we need to monitor and analyze neuronal activities. Electrophysiological technique has provided an important method for the exploration of some neural circuits. However, this method cannot simultaneously detect the activities of nerve cell groups.Therefore, methods that can monitor the spatial distribution of neuronal population activity are demanded to explore brain functions. Voltage-sensitive dyes(VSDs) shift their absorption or emission optical signals in response to different membrane potentials, allowing assessing the global electrical state of neurons. Optical recording technique coupled with VSDs is a promising method to monitor the brain functions by detecting optical signal changes. This review focuses on the fast and slow responses of VSDs to membrane potential changes and optical recordings utilized in the central nervous system. In this review, we attempt to show how VSDs and optical recordings can be used to obtain brain functional monitoring at high spatial and temporal resolution. Understanding of brain functions will not only greatly improve the cognition of information transmission of complex neural network, but also provide new methods of treating brain diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.     

电压敏感性聚三苯胺修饰隔膜用于锂硫电池过充保护

本文以三苯胺为原料,通过化学氧化法制备了具有电压敏感性的聚三苯胺(PTPAn)并将其成功应用到锂硫电池隔膜上。电导率测试结果表明,PTPAn/聚丙烯(PP)隔膜的离子电导率达1.56 mS·cm^-1;循环伏安(CV)测试结果表明,PTPAn/PP隔膜在3.5–4.2 V内具有氧化还原峰。在0.1C倍率下,采用PTPAn/PP隔膜和空白PP隔膜的锂硫电池在经200周循环后,放电比容量分别为424.8和407.2 mAh·g^-1,库伦效率分别为99.38%和98.59%,倍率测试表明(0.1C、0.2C、0.5C、1C),采用PTPAn/PP隔膜的锂硫电池在不同倍率下放电比容量均高于采用空白PP隔膜的锂硫电池。与此同时,对采用PTPAn/PP隔膜的锂硫电池进行过充实验,在第4周过充时,充电比容量为843.1 mAh·g^-1,放电比容量为839.8 mAh·g^-1;第10周过充时,充电比容量为690.2 mAh·g^-1,放电比容量为669.2 mAh·g^-1。第16周过充时,电池的充电比容量为538.7 mAh·g^-1,放电比容量为512.9 mAh·g^-1。倍率过充测试表明,经过不同倍率过充实验后,采用PTPAn/PP隔膜的锂硫电池仍能正常工作,在1C倍率下过充,电池电压稳定保持在3.9 V,充电比容量为349.8 mAh·g^-1,放电比容量为328.7 mAh·g^-1。     

心肌膜电位的光学标测技术及实验研究

基于电压敏感染料膜电位光学标测的原理,建立了一套光标测系统,主要包括LED激发光源、以及由滤光片、CCD、A/D采集卡及计算机构成的荧光信号采集、处理部分.目前,整套系统已可自动完成图像采集、实时显示,以及部分后处理等工作,已获得兔心室组织细胞膜动作电位.另外,在建立系统的同时,研究了光学标测实验方法,对离体兔心脏急性缺血的主要电生理特征进行了标测实验,并结合仿真研究的结论说明了缺血后有效不应期时空异质性的存在以及组织中电兴奋传导速度的减慢是缺血导致折返性心律失常的主要机制.