金属有机骨架材料的薄膜化研究#

金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)有着有序的孔道、丰富的结构及功能多样性,在气体分离、储存、催化和传感等方面具有潜在的应用前景,受到科学界的广泛关注。但是MOF晶体具有脆性,容易碎裂,不溶于溶剂,而且不能像高分子一样熔融后热塑成型,常用的压片加工方法得到的样品仍然较易粉化。这些性质极大地制约了MOFs在工业领域的发展和应用。在此,我们向传统的高分子材料学习,把MOFs加工成薄膜、纤维等,并发展了原位聚合法、光引发合成后聚合法、热压组装法、静电纺丝法等一系列方法。从微观结构的设计着手来研究膜的结构与性质的关系,通过不同的方法赋予MOF膜在电化学、分离、检测和安全防护等方面独特的功能和性质,并进一步探索其工业化生产的方法和可能性。     

Nickel(II) Nitrate Hole-Transporting Layers for Single-Junction Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells with a Record 19.02 % Efficiency

A facile strategy was developed here to improve the film quality of nickel-based hole transporting layer (HTL) for efficient organic solar cell (OSC) applications. To prevent the agglomeration of Ni(NO₃)₂ during film deposition, acetylacetonate was added into the precursor solution, which led to the formation of an amorphous and glass-like state. After thermal annealing (TA) treatment, the film-forming ability could be further improved. The additional UV-ozone (UVO) treatment continuously improved the film quality and increased the work function and conductivity of such HTL. The resulting TA & UVO modified Ni(NO₃)₂ & Hacac HTL produced highly efficient organic solar cells with exciting power conversion efficiencies of 18.42 % and 19.02 % for PM6 : BTP-eC9 and D18 : BTP-Th devices, respectively, much higher than the control PEDOT : PSS devices.     

Epoxy as a reactive plasticizer for improving polycarbonate processibility

An oligomer of a diepoxy (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, DGEBA) and an aromatic diamine (MCDEA) have been used as reactive plasticizers for polycarbonate (PC). A small amount of PC chain scission occurred during this blending process, probably due to transesterification of the PC carbonate group by the hydroxyl group of the DGEBA oligomer. Addition of DGEBA to PC was found to greatly reduce the T_g and processing temperature. Dynamic rheology measurements showed that the added epoxy can very effectively reduce the viscosity, but that the addition of epoxy also accelerated the crystallisation rate of the PC, which was confirmed by XRD, optical transmission microscopy and DMTA. The DMTA results of cured blends also showed that this crystallization of the PC enhanced their heat resistance properties. Sol–gel studies of the cured samples showed that some of the PC was grafted to the crosslinked epoxy network. Studies of the rubbery behaviour, solvent resistance of the cured blend and SEM images suggest that PC is the main continuous phase in the matrix and that the epoxy phase is mainly dispersed as sub-micron particles in the matrix.     

分子结构对1,2-聚丁二烯橡胶性能的影响

本文研究了分子链结构、分子量及其分布对钼催化聚合1,2-聚丁二烯(1,2-PB)的加工工艺性能及硫化胶性能的影响.实验发现,1,2-PB的加工工艺行为随分子量降低和分子量分布加宽而得以改善,其抗湿滑性能随分子链中1,2-结构含量增加而提高,而1,2-结构的空间规整性—间同含量的增加则导致1,2-PB应变诱导结晶、降低硫化胶的弹性和增加生热值。