The Performance of Jatropha Curcas Linn. Capsule Husk as Feedstocks Biogas in One Phase Anaerobic Digestion

Jatropa curcas Linn. (JcL) capsule husk was not recommended as biogas feedstocks. However for biorefinery purpose, several technologies have been conducting to solve this problem. This research reported quantity and quality comparison of Dry Husk Jcl (DH-JcL) in one phase system of batch digester compare with semi continuous digester. HDPE drum of 80 L working volume used as digester with 40 days hydraulic retention time. Feeding of DH-Jcl and solvent water was mixed on concentration of 1: 8. Research conclusion showed that semi continuous digester was better than batch digester. Biogas quality showed that methane content can reach 66.61% to 83.15% and biogas quantity in semi continuous digester can reach 0.016 m³ · kg^–1 DH JcL. The result was not in optimize condition yet because ratio number of volatile fatty acids/ alkalinity showed 0.5, it was indicated unstable anaerobic degradation process of DH-JcL.     

不同聚合物分散剂对Pt/SAPO-11催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了经过不同聚合物分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N₂吸附-脱附和NH₃程序升温脱附(TPD)等对催化剂的组织结构进行了表征。结果表明,分散剂不会破坏催化剂的结构,反而提高了其孔体积、孔径和比表面积,同时改变了沸石的酸强度和酸量,其中以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂孔体积、孔径和酸性分布最佳。在固定床反应器上对不同分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂催化性能进行评价,结果表明聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂也表现出最佳的催化性能,麻风树油的加氢脱氧率高达99.45%,生物航空煤油组分收率和异构烷烃组分(C₈~C₁₆)的选择性分别达到了44.67%和56.37%。     

不同聚合物分散剂对Pt/SAPO-11催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了经过不同聚合物分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N₂吸附-脱附和N_H3程序升温脱附(TPD)等对催化剂的组织结构进行了表征。结果表明,分散剂不会破坏催化剂的结构,反而提高了其孔体积、孔径和比表面积,同时改变了沸石的酸强度和酸量,其中以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂孔体积、孔径和酸性分布最佳。在固定床反应器上对不同分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂催化性能进行评价,结果表明聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂也表现出最佳的催化性能,麻风树油的加氢脱氧率高达99.45%,生物航空煤油组分收率和异构烷烃组分(C₈~C₁₆)的选择性分别达到了44.67%和56.37%。     

Partial least squares model and design of experiments toward the analysis of the metabolome of Jatropha gossypifolia leaves: Extraction and chromatographic fingerprint optimization

A major challenge in metabolomic studies is how to extract and analyze an entire metabolome. So far, no single method was able to clearly complete this task in an efficient and reproducible way. In this work we proposed a sequential strategy for the extraction and chromatographic separation of metabolites from leaves Jatropha gossypifolia using a design of experiments and partial least square model. The effect of 14 different solvents on extraction process was evaluated and an optimized separation condition on liquid chromatography was estimated considering mobile phase composition and analysis time. The initial conditions of extraction using methanol and separation in 30 min between 5 and 100% water/methanol (1:1 v/v) with 0.1% of acetic acid, 20 μL sample volume, 3.0 mL min^?1 flow rate and 25°C column temperature led to 107 chromatographic peaks. After the optimization strategy using i‐propanol/chloroform (1:1 v/v) for extraction, linear gradient elution of 60 min between 5 and 100% water/(acetonitrile/methanol 68:32 v/v with 0.1% of acetic acid), 30 μL sample volume, 2.0 mL min^?1 flow rate, and 30°C column temperature, we detected 140 chromatographic peaks, 30.84% more peaks compared to initial method. This is a reliable strategy using a limited number of experiments for metabolomics protocols.     

固体酸SO42-/ZrO2-CeO2催化小桐子油脂肪酸制备生物柴油的实验研究

用沉淀浸渍法制备了固体酸催化剂SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-CeO₂,用于催化小桐籽油脂肪酸与甲醇酯化制备生物柴油。考察了焙烧温度和CeO₂负载量对催化剂活性的影响,并进行了单因素实验和动力学研究。研究表明,SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-CeO₂有较高的催化活性,当甲醇与脂肪酸体积比 2∶1,反应温度150 ℃,催化剂用量为脂肪酸质量的8%,反应60 min时,脂肪酸转化率可达0.9403。动力学计算表明,该酯化反应的表观活化能为45.31 kJ/mol,动力学模型为-dc_A/dt=38371e^-45310/RTc_A^1.44。     

First Total Synthesis and Biological Potential of a Heptacyclopeptide of Plant Origin

Synthesis of a natural glycine‐rich heptacyclopeptide ‐ mahafacyclin A ( 7 ) was accomplished by solution‐phase technique of peptide synthesis via coupling of tetrapeptide unit Boc‐L‐Thr‐L‐Ile‐L‐Leu‐Gly‐OH with tripeptide unit L‐Val‐L‐Phe‐Gly‐OMe followed by cyclization of linear heptapeptide fragment. Structure of the newly synthesized cyclopolypeptide was confirmed by means of chemical, spectroscopic analyses and subjected to antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activity studies. Bioactivity results showed potent antifungal and anthelmintic activities of the synthesized peptide against dermatophytes T. mentagrophytes, M. audouinii and earthworm species M. konkanensis, P. corethruses and E. eugeniea.     

Comparative characterization of Jatropha,soybean and commercial biodiesel

Oil was extracted from seeds of Jatropha Curcas,in high yields(up to 40% by weight).The extracted Jatropha oil was converted in a laboratory reactor to biodiesel by transesterification.Analysis of Jatropha oil and Jatropha biodiesel by GC/MS and GC/SIMDIS showed that Jatropha oil could be readily converted to a biodiesel product through NaOH catalyzed transesterification.The resulting biodiesel has desirable properties such as high cetane number and low flash point,which are major improvements over the prop...     

电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法分析麻疯树油中的多元素

工业化和现代化进程的加快消耗了大量能源,对能源的高度依赖性导致了全球化石能源需求的快速增长,随着非再生化石能源的日渐枯竭,迫切需要大力发展可再生能源以调整现有能源结构。作为国际上研究最多的生物柴油,麻疯树油是国内外公认的最有可能替代化石能源的再生能源,具有极大的开发潜力。麻疯树油中的微量元素在燃烧过程中会影响发动机的性能,并在尾气排放过程中决定了对环境所造成的污染程度。本文以获得麻疯树油中多元素的含量为目的,建立应用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(ICP-MS/MS)法准确测定麻疯树油中低水平Na,Si,P,S,Cl,K,Ti,V,As含量的分析方法。采用微波密闭消解系统,依次向麻疯树油样品中加入硝酸和双氧水进行消解。详细地研究了各待测元素在不同分析模式下检出限(DL)和背景等效浓度(BEC)的变化情况,在MS/MS模式下,通过向碰撞/反应池(CRC)中加入反应气可以完全消除质谱干扰。选择O₂为反应气,P+,S+,Ti+,V+,As+与O₂的反应均为放热过程,能发生质量转移自发生成PO+,SO+,TiO+,VO+,AsO+,利用O₂质量转移法消除质谱干扰;选择H₂为反应气,Cl+与H₂反应能自发生成ClH+₂,利用H₂质量转移法消除质谱干扰,而Na+,Si+,K+均不能与H₂发生质量转移反应,利用H₂原位质量法消除质谱干扰。选择Sc为内标元素校正了分析过程中的基体效应。通过考察不同反应气流速下各元素的BEC变化,优化了反应气流速,O₂的最佳流速为0.45 mL·min-1,H₂的最佳流速为7.5 mL·min-1。在优化的实验条件下获得Na,Si,P,S,Cl,K,Ti,V,As的检出限分别为6.41,37.3,24.6,118,530,7.96,7.61,0.34,3.20 ng·L-1,各元素在0～50 μg·L-1范围内的线性相关系数(R2)≥0.999 8,方法具有良好的线性关系。采用三水平加标回收实验来验证方法的准确性和精密度,所有元素的加标回收率在91.2%～108%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.9%～4.6%,表明所建立的方法准确性好,精密度高。通过对来自中国不同地区的4个麻疯树油样品进行测定,结果显示,4个麻疯树油样品中P含量≤164 ng·g-1,S含量≤2310 ng·g-1,碱(Na+K)含量≤1 690 ng·g-1,三项指标均达到了中国生物柴油调和燃料国家标准,欧Ⅳ生物柴油标准,德国生物柴油标准和美国生物柴油标准。这项研究为麻疯树油中多种微量元素的准确分析提供了一种方便可行的新方法,为麻疯树油的质量控制和安全应用提供了科学的理论依据。     

木本油料生产生物柴油——麻疯树生物柴油产业的发展*

木本油料是我国生物柴油产业未来原料生产和供应的特色和优势。本文以麻疯树为代表,从资源分布、麻疯果加工和油生产生物柴油技术等方面讨论了国内外研究和发展的现状,分析了我国麻疯树生物柴油产业发展存在问题,并提出了一些对策。     

Insight of Viral Infection of Jatropha Curcas Plant (Future Fuel): A control based mathematical study

Jatropha Curcas Linnaeous(Jatropha Curcas L)is a wonder plant with a variety of applications and enormous economic potential.Biodiesel,an alternative fuel from non edible vegetable oil of Jatropha Curcas plant,has the requisite potential of providing a promising and commercially viable alternative to diesel oil since it has the desirable physicochemical and performance characteristics comparable to diesel.This alternative fuel is eco-friendly,cost effective and has the huge potentiality for the future ge...