复合电极La-Ni-B的制备及电催化偏硼酸钠的性能

为进一步提高对偏硼酸钠电催化还原的效率,采用化学镀的方法,以铜片为基体,PdCl2乙醇胶体溶液为活化剂,乙醇为化学镀溶剂,制备了稀土复合电极La-Ni-B.并采用XRD、SEM、EDS方法对催化剂进行表征分析,结果表明稀土合金以纳米颗粒的形式附着在基体表面,所得合金膜是非晶态的.通过循环伏安法研究了复合电极La-Ni-B用于电解偏硼酸钠制备硼氢化钠的可行性.以硼氢化钠实际生产量为指标,探讨了直流、脉冲两种不同供电方式、脉冲电流频率、电解时间对电解行为的影响.结果表明稀土镧对电解偏硼酸钠有催化作用,以20 mL镀液制备的复合电极,在脉冲频率阳极时间T1=1 s,阴极时间T2=1 s时,最佳电解时间为4h.复合电极在重复使用3次的情况下,硼氢化钠产量降低15;,催化剂的重复使用性能良好.     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

基于电化学发光和阻抗技术研究DNA单碱基错配

单碱基错配的识别和稳定性差异在核酸多态性研究中至关重要。在同一电化学传感器平台上，采用电化学发光（ECL）和电化学阻抗（EIS）2种技术，协同研究DNA链中不同类型和不同位点的单碱基错配识别和稳定性差异。电极表面具有茎环构象的探针DNA与完全互补DNA、不同类型或不同位点单碱基错配DNA杂交前后的ECL和EIS信号强度变化有显著差异。信号强度变化可揭示单碱基错配识别的稳定性。结果表明，DNA链中心位点的C-A单碱基错配稳定性低于链两端的，靠近键合电极表面双链链端的C-A单碱基错配稳定性低于非键合电极表面双链链端的，同一中心位点C-X碱基对的稳定性顺序为C-G?C-T>C-A≥C-C。研究结果可为核酸多态性研究提供参考。     

中国饲料业上市公司综合技术效率和全要素生产率分析

为了研究饲料业上市公司的综合技术效率和全要素生产率,运用数据包络分析法中的BCC模型和Malmquist指数法对12家饲料业上市公司2011-2016年的数据进行了测算,并从静态和动态两方面对其进行了分析.结果表明:只有5家上市公司实现了DEA有效,整体情况一般;从Malmquist指数法来看,在技术进步指标带领下,全要素生产率均值大于1,说明各公司经营管理效率不断上升.根据研究结论,并提出了饲料类上市公司在和种植业、养殖业协调发展的同时,应该提高农业创新力和公司经营管理效率,加快科技成果转化,领会新发展理念,加快新旧动能转换等建议.     

高能量密度型锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4改性的研究进展

尖晶石镍锰酸锂(LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4)具有工作电压高、结构稳定、适合快充快放等特性成为高能量及高功率密度型正极材料的有力竞争者.结合了近几年的研究报道,介绍了LiNi0.5 Mn1.5O4的结构、制备方法、改性方法及其应用前景,着重介绍了LiNi0.5 Mn1.5O4材料晶型结构对其性能的影响,并指出该材料目前存在的问题和研究重点.     

基于0-1规划的群模糊层次分析法

根据指派问题模型的思想将单模糊层次分析法推广到群模糊层次分析法,建立了基于0-1规划的群模糊层次分析法模型。然后以历届全国大学生数学建模竞赛试题质量的综合评价指标体系为例,给出了这种方法的计算结果,并与基于加权平均的群模糊层次分析法的计算结果进行了对比分析,说明了基于0-1规划的群模糊层次分析法的有效性和优越性。     

基于AHP的模糊综合评价模型在居民幸福指数评测中的应用

针对居民幸福指数展开社会调研,依据调研数据,构建保定市居民幸福指数评价指标体系,运用基于层次分析法(AHP)的模糊综合评价模型,形成较为科学、完善的评估系统,使评价方法及结果更趋合理,并为政府职能部门进一步加快经济建设、促进社会和谐发展提供必要的理论保障.