泡利的错误

 几年前,在翻译美国物理学家温伯格(StevenWeinberg)的《爱因斯坦的错误》和撰写《玻尔的错误》(发表于本刊2013年第5期)时,我就萌生过一个念头,那就是继《爱因斯坦的错误》和《玻尔的错误》之后,若还有哪位现代物理学家的错误值得一写的话,就得说是泡利了。这也正是本文的主题--泡利的错误--之缘起。     

Uncertainty and Certainty Relations for Pauli Observables in Terms of Renyi Entropies of Order α∈ （0; 1]

We obtain uncertainty and certainty relations of state-independent form for the three Paufi observables with use of the Renyi entropies of order α∈ （0; 1]. It is shown that these entropic bounds are tight in the sense that they are always reached with certain pure states. A new result is the condition for equality in Renyi-entropy uncertainty relations for the Pauli observables. Upper entropic bounds in the pure-state case are also novel. Combining the presented bounds leads to a band, in which the rescaled average Renyi a-entropy ranges for a pure measured state. A width of this band is compared with the Tsallis formulation derived previously.     

四氟硼酸根的离子排斥色谱-直接电导检测法分析

建立了离子排斥色谱-直接电导检测法分离测定四氟硼酸根的方法.以Shim-pack SCR-102H离子排斥色谱柱为分离柱,考察了淋洗液种类、浓度、色谱柱温度对四氟硼酸根测定的影响.最佳色谱条件为:以0.2 mmol/L p-甲苯磺酸溶液为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温40℃,进样体积20μL.在此条件下,四氟硼...     

立体效应和分子内诱导效应对R—X(R=烷基)键离解能变化趋势的影响

解释了"为什么R—X键离解能变化趋势不相同"的问题.R—X键离解能(BDE)可归因于3个主要因素:C—X固有健能,1,3成对排斥和分子内电荷-诱导偶极.当X原子给定,R—X(R=Me,Et,i-Pr,t-Bu)的BDE变化趋势由1,3成对排斥和分子内电荷-诱导偶极两个因素控制,前者减少R—X的BDE,后者增加或者减少R—X的BDE.在R—X为R—C键的系列化合物中(例如R—Me,R—CH==CH2,R—C≡≡CH,R—CN等),1,3成对排斥减少R—X的BDE,R—C键能变化趋势依R=Me,Et,i-Pr,t-Bu次序减小;对于X原子电负性小于C原子的R—X系列化合物(例如R—H,R—BH2,和R—SiH2等),上述两个因素均减小R—X的BDE,因而R—X键能变化趋势依R=Me,Et,i-Pr,t-Bu次序减小;对于X原子电负性大于C原子的R—X系列化合物(例如R—F,R—OH,R—Cl,R—Br,R—I,和R—NH2等),1,3成对排斥减少R—X的BDE,而分子内电荷-诱导偶极则增加R—X的BDE,于是R—X键能变化趋势取决于两者的竞争,结果表现为:(1)有的系列R—X键能变化依R=Me,Et,i-Pr,t-Bu次序增大(如R—F,R—OH等);(2)有的系列R—X键能变化依R=Me,Et,i-Pr,t-Bu次序减小(如R—I);(3)有的系列R—X键能变化依R=Me,Et,i-Pr,t-Bu次序变化很小(如R—Br).     

关于吸引子的某些性质

Conley在[1]中讨论拓扑空间X上动力系统的吸引子——排斥子对时，给出了吸引子存在的两个充分条件．本文证明这两个条件实际上也是必要的，进而证明Conley所定义的吸引子是渐近稳定的．     

Why Matter Occupies so Large a Volume？

The paper represents a rigorous treatment of the underlying quantum theory, not just in words but providing the underlying technical details, as to why matter occupies so large a volume and its intimate connection with the Pauli exclusion principle, as more and more matter is put together, as well as of the contraction or shrinkage of ＂bosonic matter＂, upon collapse, for which the Panli exclusion is abolished. From the derived explicit bounds of integrals of powers of the particle number densities, explicit bounds on probabilities of the occurrences of the events just described are extracted. These probabilities lead one to infer the change of the ＂size＂ or extension of such matter, upon expansion or contraction, respectively, as their content is increased.     

离子排斥色谱中色谱柱温度对有机酸保留的影响

研究了离子排斥色谱中色谱柱温度对有机酸(脂肪酸、芳香酸)保留的影响。采用Shim-pack SCR-102H离子排斥柱,分别以0.2 mmol/L p-甲苯磺酸为淋洗液分离6种脂肪族有机酸(甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和己酸)以及0.08 mmol/L H2SO4为淋洗液分离6种芳香酸(邻苯二甲酸、水杨酸、苯乙酸、对羟基苯甲酸、苯甲酸、邻甲苯甲酸),流速为1.2 mL/min,柱温控制为25～50℃,直接电导检测。结果表明,有机酸的保留值随温度升高而减小。但每种有机酸的保留受温度的影响程度不同,即当温度改变时,每种有机酸保留值的变化程度不同。一般规律为:有机酸的保留越强,其保留值随温度的变化程度越大。依据范特霍夫曲线的线性回归数据,可知有机酸的范特霍夫曲线具有良好的线性关系,其保留为放热过程。通过改变柱温,可以实现有机酸,特别是强保留有机酸保留值的改变,改善有机酸的色谱峰形和分离状况。     

离子排斥色谱法测定人体粪便中五种短链脂肪酸

建立了一种离子排斥色谱分离测定人体粪便中5种短链脂肪酸(SCFA:乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸)的方法。以体积分数0.1%磷酸为流动相、提取的样品在50℃下用Shodex Rspak KC-811离子排斥柱分离,紫外检测器在210 nm处测定其中的有机酸。被测组分的浓度与其峰面积在2.5~500 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R2≥0.999,各组分测定的相对标准偏差在2.3%~3.9%之间,平均加标回收率在85.5%~105.7%。     

REPELLERS FOR MULTIFUNCTIONS OF SEMI-BORNOLOGICAL SPACES

In this article the notion of repeller for multifunctions from the viewpoints of semi-bornologicul spaces is considered. The concept of lower semi-continuous multifunctions is extended by the use of semi-bornological spaces. Semi-bornological vector spaces are studied. The notion of conjugacy for semi-bornological multifunctions is considered. The persistence of repeller under conjugate relation is proved.