Fracture behavior and mechanical,thermal, and rheological properties of biodegradable films extruded by flat die and calender

The development of biodegradable materials for tailored applications, particularly in the field of polymeric films and sheets, is a challenging technological goal as well as a contribution to help protect the environment. Poly(lactic) acid (PLA) is a promising substitute for several oil-based polymers; however, to overcome its thermal and mechanical drawbacks, researchers have developed solutions such as blending PLA with polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), which is capable of increasing the ductility of the final material. In this study, PLA/PBAT binary blends, with minimum possible content of nonrenewable materials, were examined from processing, thermal, morphological, and rheological perspective. An optimized PLA/PBAT ratio was chosen as the polymeric basis to obtain a biodegradable formulation by adding a biobased plasticizer and appropriate fillers to produce a micrometer film with tailored flexibility and tear resistance. The processing technology involved flat-die extrusion, followed by calendering. The tearing resistance of the produced film was investigated, and the results were compared with literature data. A study on the essential work of fracture was implemented to explore the mode III out-of-plane fracture resistance starting from a trouser tear test.     

塑料薄膜撕扯实验在聚合物教学中的应用及讨论

结合新课标要求,揭示塑料薄膜撕扯实验在聚合物教学中的重要性、必要性。通过教学片段设计,发展学生“宏观辨识与微观探析、证据推理与模型认知”化学学科核心素养,并让学生认识物质的性能不仅取决于结构,也取决于生产工艺。并对人教版初、高中化学教材和教参中相关问题展开讨论和解释,以期更好地服务教学。     

Generic structure of externally driven tearing modes instabilities

A major limit to steady state and advanced high operation of tokamaks of reactor class is due to the onset of tearing modes that develop magnetic and may cause loss of energy confinement or a major disruption. Here the structure of a classical problem about the effects of external control helical fields is analysed and it is shown to offer a general paradigm of response of low order classical and neoclassical tearing modes to a wide class of external perturbations. New results of principle on the structural stability of the response model are obtained, leading to a clear interpretation of the role of “seed islands" in the onset of neo-classical tearing modes and the role of finite ion larmor radius corrections to Ohm's law. Received 12 November 2001 and Received in final form 4 January 2002     

Turbulence investigations during ergodic divertor operation with induced 2/1 tearing mode

Within the last year of TEXTOR operation a major part of the experiments were dedicated to the interaction of the ergodized plasma edge, induced by the dynamic ergodic divertor (DED), with the core plasma. Systematic experiments are performed in the 3/1 configuration of the DED. Depending on , the DED generates a locked 2/1 mode in the plasma at a critical current in the DED coils. Different diagnostics were used to measure the plasma response in the core and edge. The investigations in this paper are focused on the measurement of density fluctuation and the analysis of the coherent-mode structure outside the q = 2 surface using O-mode poloidal correlation reflectometry. A reduction of the quasi-coherent mode amplitude and frequency is observed, caused by the 2/1 mode together with a decrease of the density scale length. Moreover, the deduced poloidal rotation velocity at the q = 3 surface changes from the electron to the ion diamagnetic drift direction with the onset of the 2/1 island. Also a reduction of the density fluctuations is observed as well as a decrease in the poloidal correlation length. From Ar-injection a delayed inward propagation of the emission maximum is observed for different Ar ionization stages when the 2/1 mode is generated.Similar experiments with a slowly rotating DED show that the steepened density gradients are spatially localized and confirm the hypothesis that the 2/1 mode is responsible for the observations.Presented at the Workshop Electric Fields Structures and Relaxation in Edge Plasmas, Nice, France, October 26–27, 2004.     

Defect assessment procedure based on ductile tearing process

Strain hardening, crack growth resistance and nonuniform load distribution have significant effects on the ductile tearing process. A defect assessment procedure incorporating with the above features is proposed in the present paper, with the final appearance of “design curves” to facilitate engineering applications.     

石墨双层在外力作用下的变形特性

利用原子力显微镜的探针将石墨的双原子厚片层进行撕裂操作,发现石墨片层只沿特定的方向撕裂和折叠;进一步还发现被撕开的片层在探针的作用力下有可能被压缩或拉伸,被压缩的片层会恢复到原来的形状,但被拉伸的片层却不能恢复到原来的形状.     

基于多级BP神经网络的无线电罗盘多故障诊断研究

【】本文针对过拟合现象提出了基于提前停止法的学习率可变BP算法,运用多级BP神经网络诊断思想,提出了基于多级BP神经网络的多故障诊断方法。文中根据BP神经网络改进算法和网络撕裂法,对具体的机载无线电罗盘测向电路建模仿真,将复杂的无线电罗盘电路分解为3个子网络,并对每个子网络建立合适的故障集,快速准确诊断得出电路中的故障模块。     

黏滞等离子体中双撕裂模不稳定性的数值模拟研究

本文采用磁流体力学模型,数值研究了平板位形下双撕裂模线性增长率关于等离子体电阻η和黏滞v的定标关系.结果表明,对于有理面间距较大的情况,线性增长率关于电阻和黏滞的指数定标率随着黏滞的增加逐渐由γ∝ η3/5v0的定标变化到γ∝η5/6v-1/6的定标;而对于有理面间距较小的情况,其指数定标率随着黏性的增加从γ∝η 1/3 v0的定标逐渐变化到γ∝η2/3v-1/3的定标.本文还给出了初始阶段对称的双撕裂模的非线性演化,发现在非线性阶段对称的双撕裂模将转化为反对称的双撕裂模,并解释了相应的物理机理.     

Tearing and Rheological Properties of Fully Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Ethylene Glutaric-Co-Terephthalate) Copolyester Blends

The tearing and rheological properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ethylene glutaric-co-terephthalate) copolyester (FP) blends were investigated using a wide range of blending ratios. The tearing strength values of PLA/FP were always significantly higher than that of the PLA specimen. The melt flow indexer and capillary rheometer analyses indicated that the viscous flow became difficult and the melt strength of PLA was improved after the addition of FP. The interactions between the molecular chains of PLA and FP adds FP branching and lengthens the macromolecular chains and the degree of macromolecular entanglement increases. The blends with 5 wt% FP reached the maximum melt strength and minimum flow index n, while the tearing strength approached the maximum level. At higher FP contents, the melt flow properties PLA/FP blends increased and the melt strength decreased, the tearing strength of PLA/FP blends also decreased.     

Auto-solitary solutions in a generalized model of gas discharge contraction

Stable auto-solitary solutions were found on the basis of three-dimensional numerical simulations within the simplest model under global constraint. The model involves a diffusion equation with a nonlinear source term containing both local and non-local nonlinearity. The source term was chosen so as to describe qualitatively the most fundamental peculiarities of discharge physics, namely local nonlinear increase in heating and ionization rate and non-local attenuation of electric field strength with plasma density growth. The properties of the autosolitons created by the model have been investigated employing the different parameters as control parameter. Therefore the results of calculations can be used to construct a process of plasma contraction in gas discharge. Received 26 July 1999 and Received in final form 5 February 2000