含磺酸基团的含氟嵌段共聚物的溶液性能及其应用

利用原子转移自由基聚合以及随后的磺化反应合成了一系列具有不同含氟量和磺化度的嵌段共聚物P(SSt b FNEMA) (PSSF) .通过溶液粘度和表面张力的测定 ,研究了该含氟嵌段共聚物独特的溶液行为 .实验结果表明 ,PSSF能显著降低N 甲基吡咯烷酮溶液的表面张力 .然而 ,与N 甲基吡咯烷酮溶液的表面性能不同 ,PSSF不能显著地降低水溶液的表面张力 ;当PSSF中和成钠盐后 ,水溶液的表面张力趋于一致 .进一步通过TEM、1 H NMR考察了PSSF在不同溶液中的形态 ,发现PSSF在水溶液中以核壳结构存在 ,而在N 甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中主要以胶束的形式存在 .初步考察了PSSF对聚氨酯脲 丙烯酸酯 (PUA)复合水分散液的改性效果 ,发现只需加入少量的PSSF ,就可使PUA膜的吸水率从原来的 10wt%下降到 4wt% .     

Novel inorganic morphologies formed in polyimide/silica hybrid films

2-(4-Aminophenyl)-5-aminobenzimidazole was used to prepare polyimide/silica hybrid films via sol-gel process. At 40 wt.% silica content, hybrid films were still translucent. No noticeable silica particle has been observed. Unexpectedly, after treating at 800 °C, novel morphologies of silica were observed on the surface of inorganic films, which changed from homogeneous to sea-island and to co-continuous structure with increasing silica content in the matrix. Hydrogen bonding between NH in imidazole and silanol group results that silica tends to linear structures, which is considered as the main reason for this morphological change.     

两亲性聚合物刷的合成和溶液自组装

结合可控自由基聚合和铜催化的叠氮-炔环加成(Cu AAC)反应,合成了一系列Ab BA型两亲性的聚合物刷.其中A段为亲水性的聚(N,N'-二甲基丙烯酰胺)(PAm);B段为高密度接枝的聚合物刷,其侧链为疏水性的聚苯乙烯(PS).通过核磁氢谱(1H-NMR),凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)表征了聚合物刷的组成及结构,其侧链接枝密度约为100%.研究了亲水链段含量不同的聚合物刷在多种条件下的溶液自组装行为,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了组装体的形貌.在相同的组装条件下,两亲性聚合物刷中亲水链段含量较高时(5%),组装体形貌为球形,而随着亲水链段含量降低,形貌向片层状胶束和囊泡转变.对聚合物刷PAm195-b-(PA-g-PS67)153-b-PAm195的自组装研究表明,提高初始浓度促使组装体形貌向片层和囊泡转变;采用与PS的溶度参数相近的良溶剂,可提高胶束核的活动性,组装体更容易形成囊泡(热力学稳定态);而采用与PS的溶度参数相差大的选择性溶剂时,组装体倾向于聚集形成大尺寸的囊泡.     

掺Ce提高（CoFe）3O4的矫顽力

采用添加剂湿法制备了掺入不同Ｃｅ含量的Ｃｅｘ（ＣｏＦｅ）３－ｘＯ４铁氧体。对产物的物相，形貌，磁性能研究表明，所得产物均为单一的尖晶石结构，一般情况下呈颗粒状，矫顽力随溶液中Ｃｅ＾４＋浓度的增加而增加。当溶液中含有Ｃｅ＾３＋和Ｃｅ（ＯＨ）４时，产物显示有部分棒状晶体，矫顽力有明显提高，且当「Ｃｅ＾３＋」占（「Ｃｅ＾３＋」＋Ｃｅ＾４＋「）总量的５％左右时所得产物矫顽力最大。     

Growth of well-defined ZnO microparticles with additives from aqueous solution

By heating Zn(OH)₂ precursor in aqueous solution to reflux temperature (101 °C), ZnO microparticles with a diversity of well-defined morphologies, including rod-like, nut-like, and rice-like samples, have been successfully synthesized. The shape of the crystallite depends critically on the additive added in the reaction solution. To further understand the effect of the additive on the formation process of ZnO crystallite, scanning electron microscopy analyses of the solid product and concentration measurements of zinc ion remaining in the solution have been made at regular intervals throughout the reaction with and without the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and triethanolamine (TEA). Results show that SDS and TEA added in the solution remarkably lower the formation rate of ZnO crystallite.     

Crystallization of amorphous colloids: an effective approach for the rapid and large-scale preparation of antimony sulfide dendrites

Without the assistance of any templates and organic additives, orthorhombic antimony sulfide (Sb₂S₃) dendrites were obtained rapidly (3 h) through the crystallization of amorphous colloidal microspheres. The top view of dendrites reveals that their side branches are tetragonal prisms with a smooth face and nearly uniform breadth. The investigations on the growth mechanism demonstrated that the intermediate steps in the formation of dendrites are the rods and the structures with tip splitting. The kinetics of crystal growth, the anisotropic crystal structure and H⁺ ions in the solution are believed to be responsible for the tip splitting. The structures with tip splitting subsequently grew and developed into dendrites eventually. A prolonged crystallization time (10 h) was found to be unfavorable to the further increase of dendrite size but led to its fragmentation.     

不同形貌的α-K7P2W17NbO62的制备与表征

用高压静电纺丝和程序焙烧的方法,制备了具有棒状或颗粒形貌的α-K7P2W17NbO62。红外光谱（FT-IR）,X-射线粉末衍射（XRD）进行了表征,结果表明获得了纳米尺寸的α-K7P2W17NbO62。扫描电子显微镜照片（SEM）显示：PVA/α-K7P2W17NbO62纤维毯在340℃条件下焙烧,保温时间从6h到12h,随着时间的延长,多金属氧酸盐α-K7P2W17NbO62的形貌由纤维到棒状最后形成颗粒状形貌。     

Effects of atomic oxygen treatment on structures, morphologies and electrical properties of ZnO:Al films

ZnO:Al (ZAO) film has a potential application in providing spacecrafts the protection against atomic oxygen (AO) erosion. To advance the understanding of the AO resisting mechanisms and the relationships between the structures, morphologies and conductive properties of ZAO film, direct current magnetron sputtered ZAO films with different thicknesses were treated with AO in a ground-based simulation facility. The microstructure, surface chemical state, morphologies and electrical properties of pristine films and irradiated ones were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Hall measurement. It is found that AO exposure produces novel, oriented recrystallization of the surface particles. It also increases the content of oxygen ions in fully oxidized stoichiometric surroundings on the surface, resulting in the decrease of the conductivity. As the thickness of ZAO film increases, the crystallinity, conductivity and resistance to AO erosion are all improved.     

The influence of annealing temperature on the structure,morphologies and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully synthesized by the simple solution method at low temperature. The effects of annealing temperature on the structure and optical properties of ZnO NPs were investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. As the annealing temperature was increased above 180 ^°C the particles morphology evolved from spherical to hexagonal shape, indicating that the average particle size increased from 11 nm to 87 nm. The UV-vis and PL spectra showed a red-shift from 3.62 to 3.33 eV when the annealing temperature was increased.     

嵌段共聚物在本体中自组装形态的研究进展

综述了两嵌段和三嵌段共聚物在本体中自组装形态的研究进展,主要包括由两嵌段共聚物形成的螺旋状形态;由三嵌段共聚物形成的CsCl晶格型排列的球状形态、立方体心堆积的同心球状形态、层-球形态、柱-球形态、柱-环形态、同轴柱状形态、六角排列的柱状形态、层-柱形态、层-柱-Ⅱ形态、有序三连续双金刚石状形态、核-壳双螺旋状形态、层状形态,以及更加复杂的蘑菇状形态、球嵌球形态、编织图案形态等.并对其发展前景进行了展望.