A high-order finite volume method for systems of conservation laws—Multi-dimensional Optimal Order Detection (MOOD)

In this paper, we investigate an original way to deal with the problems generated by the limitation process of high-order finite volume methods based on polynomial reconstructions. Multi-dimensional Optimal Order Detection (MOOD) breaks away from classical limitations employed in high-order methods. The proposed method consists of detecting problematic situations after each time update of the solution and of reducing the local polynomial degree before recomputing the solution. As multi-dimensional MUSCL methods, the concept is simple and independent of mesh structure. Moreover MOOD is able to take physical constraints such as density and pressure positivity into account through an “a posteriori” detection. Numerical results on classical and demanding test cases for advection and Euler system are presented on quadrangular meshes to support the promising potential of this approach.     

激光打靶数字延时信号完整性的研究

针对高速数字电路设计中遇到的信号完整性问题,本文给出了激光打靶装置中高速数字电路延时分配原理.根据传输线理论,提出端接迹线最大匹配长度值限定法,结合PCB设计,可避免端接失配反射.由电学理论,建模串扰的产生及消除串扰的端接方式.通过对噪声电流I和瞬态负载电流IL复合干扰分析,采取了相应的抑制方法.打靶实验表明,对保证延时信号的完整性是有效的.     

The limitation of the proposed collection efficiency for fiber probes on the visible and near-infrared diffuse spectroscopy

A fiber is usually used as a probe in visible and near-infrared diffuse spectra measurement. However, the use of different fiber probes in the same measurement may cause data mismatch problems. Our group has researched the influence of the parameters of fiber probe, including the aperture angle, on the diffuse spectrum by a modified Monte Carlo model. To eliminate the influence of the aperture angle, we proposed a fitted equation of correction coefficient to correct its difference in practical range. However, we did not discuss the limitation of this method. In this work, we explored the collection efficiency in different optical environment with Monte Carlo simulation method, and find the suitable conditions—weak absorbing and strong scattering media, for the proposed collection efficiency. Furthermore, we tried to explain the stability of the collection efficiency in this condition. This work gives suitable conditions for the collection efficiency. The use of collection efficiency can help reduce the influence of different measurement systems and is also helpful to the model translation.     

亚硝胺化学发光检测系统的研制

针对亚硝胺气相色谱检测方法研制了一套化学发光检测装置,该装置作为气相色谱检测器可检测从色谱出来的NO气体浓度,从而反映出亚硝胺物质浓度。讨论了系统各关键部分的设计以及反应腔压力对系统性能的影响,确定了最佳反应条件。采用本系统实际测量了浓度为4.2m g/kg的NO标准气体,测得系统线性度〉0.98,检出限〈1pg/s。实验表明该系统能快速准确检测微量NO信号,可作为亚硝胺气相色谱检测法的检测器。     

Scope and Limitations of Optical Pure Hydantoins as Chiral Auxiliaries in Asymmetric Mannich Reactions

The Mannich reaction of various 5-substituted and N-acyl substituted chiral hydantoins with a series of aldimines smoothly occurred with full stereochemical control. These Mannich adducts have been cleaved by alcoholysis to afford several synthetically useful chiral building blocks like β-amino esters and β-lactams in good yields and in enantiopure form.     

Evaluating computational efficiency: A stochastic approach

This paper introduces the use of stochastic models for the evaluation of relative computational efficiency of algorithms. Such an approach is used for the comparison of computational efficiency of three algorithms for quadratic programming.     

红外光谱差减技术扣除水汽吸收干扰的局限性

红外光谱差减技术在扣除背景组份干扰方面得到广泛应用,但其扣除空气中水汽效果却不尽如人意。研究了不同湿度的水汽光谱与光谱差减效果的关系,以探究光谱差减技术在水汽扣除领域局限性的原因。结果表明：(1)相对湿度改变,水汽的红外光谱也发生变化,不管如何小心地选择比例系数f,从相对湿度x%的水汽光谱A_x,也不能完全扣除相对湿度为y%的水汽光谱A_y,即fA_x≠A_y。(2)相对湿度改变,水分子团簇(H₂O)_n的相对组成也会发生变化,这是导致光谱差减技术局限性的主要原因。(3)将湿度为x%和y%的两水汽光谱A_x和A_y进行线性组合,则可以高度近似地模拟出介于两者之间的湿度的水汽光谱。比如用40%水汽谱和30%水汽谱,可以模拟得到32%或35%或37%的水汽谱。实验结果表明这是扣除水汽干扰效果更好的路径。(4)论证了水汽补偿湿度滴定法具有高效性的原因。     

Growth Rate of Spherulites in Thin Films: Direct Evidence of Failure of Traditional Growth Theory

Growth rates of PPS and PVDF spherulites in very thin films were measured. The growth rates change by about four orders of magnitude within the crystallization temperature ranges examined in this work. Film thickness at the position of the spherulite for which growth rates were determined was measured; the film thickness was deduced from retardation in the spherulite. In the light of the criterion we proposed, film thicknesses more than several tens of microns are required for the growth rate to change by four orders of magnitude. However, the thickness of the thinnest film examined experimentally was less than 1 μm. This discrepancy between theory and experiment is large and violates the framework of the traditional growth model unrecoverably.     

Surface Engineering of Titania Boosts Electroassisted Propane Dehydrogenation at Low Temperature

Electric field catalysis using surface proton conduction, in which proton hopping and collision on the reactant are promoted by external electricity, is a promising approach to break the thermodynamic equilibrium limitation in endothermic propane dehydrogenation (PDH). This study proposes a catalyst design concept for more efficient electroassisted PDH at low temperature. Sm was doped into the anatase TiO₂ surface to increase surface proton density by charge compensation. Pt−In alloy was deposited on the Sm-doped TiO₂ for more favorable proton collision and selective propylene formation. The catalytic activity in electroassisted PDH drastically increased by doping an appropriate amount of Sm (1 mol % to Ti) where the highest propylene yield of 19.3 % was obtained at 300 °C where the thermodynamic equilibrium yield was only 0.5 %. Results show that surface proton enrichment boosts alkane dehydrogenation at low temperature.